Give an assessment to work of the international organization INTAS.
The INTAS-International Association for Strengthening Cooperation with Scientists from the Newly Independent States (NewIndependentStates) from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established in 1993 as an independent international organization with the aim of preserving the scientific potential within the borders of the partner countries. But on September 22, 2006 it was decided to terminate the program on the basis of the recommendation of the European Commission. From the beginning of 2007 the gradual curtailment of the fund's activities began. Despite the fact that all current INTAS programs were promised to be fulfilled, from April 1, 2007 the distribution of new grants was stopped.
The members of the organization were the countries of the European Union, Bulgaria, Iceland, Israel, Norway, Romania, Switzerland and Turkey. The partner countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Russia.
INTAS is a non-profit, charitable organization, exempt from taxes; was located in Brussels, financed mainly from the budget of the EU framework programs and on the basis of voluntary contributions from EU countries. The programs were aimed at solving a wide range of joint research problems for the EU and the CIS. During the period from 1993 to 1998, INTAS allocated nearly 65 million euros for scientific development.
A rigorous but affordable budget allocation procedure allows you to quickly and flexibly meet the needs of scientists from the CIS countries. Within the framework of the INTAS program, the following activities are presented:
- joint research projects and networks (associations of scientists and various research organizations) covering all fields of science (exact and natural sciences, economics, sociology and life sciences);
-conferences, seminars, meetings;
- Grants and scholarships for participation in conferences of young scientists from the CIS; Infrastructure, expanding access to research (protected unique databases), providing scientific literature;
- Dissemination and use of the results of research projects.
INTAS has developed a special system for the transfer of funds for partners from the CIS countries, which allows scholars to receive grants from local banks. The organization works directly with scientists on the basis of individual contracts, and apart from grants, finances trips, equipment and pays for other expenses. During the fund's work, more than 20,000 scientists from the CIS took part in 2,000 INTAS projects, many of them received individual grants to continue their research. 1250 joint projects were completed, high quality results were reflected in publications in many international journals, as well as in patents. Every year, INTAS allocated 4.6 million euros for accompanying events (accompanyingmeasures), which included:
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- support of infrastructures, for example, the dissemination of the latest scientific articles or the preservation of unique collections of data;
- support for holding conferences that allow INTAS to evaluate completed projects;
- support for the participation of young scientists in scientific programs and conferences.
The INTAS budget until 2002 was 75 million euros, of which 70 million euros came from the Fifth Framework Program. This amount was spent on financing joint research in the following areas:
- physics (astronomy, nuclear physics, plasma physics, condensed matter physics, engineering sciences, space and sciences related to the exploration of outer space);
- chemistry and biology (life sciences and medicine, earth sciences, environment and energy);
Explain distinction between the manuscript and the review article. Show the basic structure of research article.
The review article is one of the most common genres of social journalism.
A review article is a material that represents a spectrum of opinions or stories on the same topic. The review article can be written, for example, about the popularity of bowling, about the adoption of a new criminal-precessive code, about the fight against drug addiction, or about something else (almost everything). The author of the review article should talk with several experts in the area of interest. These experts should not always be scientists and officials (that is, people who professionally deal with the problem of interest to the journalist), but also those who are affected by the topic of the review article. From the point of view of a journalist, an expert on the criminal procedure code is not only a lawyer, but also a person who is imprisoned because of imperfect legislation. The main task of the author of the review article is to present really different views, and not of the notorious marginals, but of people who represent the point of view of a certain part of society.
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The purpose of the article is tactful, but at the same time it is capacious and intelligible to convey all the necessary information. Comparative analysis is also useful here, and statistical data is all that will give "food" for reflection and decision-making.
Recognition of the review article, information should be submitted in a structured, laconic syllable. Successful will be the creation of numbered or bulleted lists.
It is important to provide the reader with examples and illustrations, in the role of which images and photographs, comparative tables, graphs or diagrams can appear. With their help, your article will be easy to comprehend.
Then most often the main characteristics of the product or service. We also take into account that purely technical information is always useful, but it is not worth it to get involved. Imagine mentally your audience, try to explain to her the essence of the matter in plain language.
We pay attention to the advantages of the offered goods (services) and shortcomings. But at the same time we give estimates: according to reviews, characteristics.
Naturally, the most competent and complete information will be collected if you really tested the subject of your review. Of course, in this case we are talking about a rather subjective opinion, but it is important to be tactful and authoritarian in expressing this opinion.
The reader should not get the impression that you are forcing him to something or discouraging. Any potential user of the service or product can be based on your decision to add up your opinion and make a decision.
Despite the fact that reviews are written for people, your article should be relevant to users' queries in search engines: so it will be easier for readers to find information. Do not forget to specify and where you can buy the goods or order the service, without specificity, in common words.
A scientific article is a complete author's work describing the results of an original scientific research (primary scientific article) or devoted to reviewing previously published scientific articles linked by a common theme (a review scientific article). In primary scientific articles, the authors state significant information about the research conducted in a form that allows other members of the scientific community to evaluate the research, reproduce the experiments, and also to evaluate the reasoning and conclusions drawn from them. Review scientific articles are designed to generalize, analyze, evaluate, summarize or synthesize previously published information (primary scientific publications). Quite often, a scientific article combines these two types of scientific texts, including the overview and original parts.
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