BASIC LINGUISTIC TERMS USED IN UNIT 9
| communicative macro proposition (CMP) | комушкативна макро-пропозишя (стисле комунікативне "ядро" тексту) |
| dectic markers ( DM) | дейктичні маркери (показники) - слова, що орієнтують висловлювання у плані особи, часу та простору |
| deixis | дейксис (указания на учасників, час та місце комунікації) |
| illocutionary verb | іллокутивне дієслово (дієслово, що вказує на комунікативний намір мовця) |
| pragmalinguistics | прагматика (наука про співвідношення мовних знаків з людьми, які їх вживають) |
| pragmatic component | прагматичний компонент (умовний компонент, що вказує на комунікативну природу тексту) |
| pragmatics | прагматика (наука про призначення, цільове спрямування знаків) |
| semantics | семантика (наука про значення мовних знаків) |
| semiotics | семіотика (наука про знаки) |
| syntactics | синтактика (наука про "форму" мовних знаків) |
UNIT 10
TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSLATION
Main points:
10.1 The notion of transformations in translation
10.2 Grammatical transformations in translation
10.3 Lexical and semantic transformations in translation
10.4 A few closing remarks
The notion of transformations in translation
Text analysis is an important first step in translator's activity because it determines the tools which translator is going to use to perform a faithful rendering of texts. Therefore translators who work professionally have to know basics of linguistic methodology of text analysis, which contains structural, semantic, stylistic, social and communicative (pragmatic) aspects.
Having analysed the text, translator starts to transform the source language text, changing it so that it would perform the same communicative function in the target language and culture. Therefore the aim of translation as a specific kind of interlingual and intercultural communication is in transformingthe text so that the message produced by translator has the same effect upon the target language reader (listener) as it has upon the source language reader (listener). Translation is an informational process, which means that translator should render information transmitted as fully as possible. However, this can be achieved only if certain structural and semantic changes are introduced. These changes, which are caused by lexical and grammatical differences between languages (and broadly speaking - by the differences between the respective cultures), are called transformations in translation. The process of translation as means of transmitting information may be in the most general terms presented by the following scheme:
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CULTURE 1 CULTURE 2
LANGUAGE 1 (SL) LANGUAGE 2 (TL)
TEXT 1 TEXT 2
TRANSLATION
Transformations)
Explaining this scheme we may summarize that translation is a two- stage process of interlingual and intercultural communication when on the basis of analysed and transformed text in the SL a translator creates another text in the TL which substitutes the source text in the target language and culture. So an act of translation appears to be an act of intercultural communication so far as cultures include the corresponding languages.
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