The important methods in special methods of translation.
Comparative analyses –the analyses of the target text content to the source text content. During the comparison one can reveal the inner methods of transl., distinguish equivalent units, and find changes in form and content that take place, while a source unit is replaced with equivalent target unit.
OBJECT: source and target texts and the process of converting the source text into the target one, since making faithful translation, a translator considers the peculiarities of a source texts author and translation accepts to whom this message was determined, their knowledge and experience, the reality reflected on the message, the character and peculiarities of the reception of people, whom the message is addressed to, and other aspects of interlingua communication that affect the course and results of translation process. All these aspects are the subject’s matter of our study.
2. Translation is a nation type of human activity, as soon as in the history of mankind there appeared groups whose languages differed from one another, there appeared bilingual people who helped the groups to communicate. After that oral interpretation were joined by written translators. They translated religions, official, and business texts. From the very beginning, translation has been performing the most important social function enabling personal interlingual communication, written translations cleared the way to cultural achievements of other people and made possible the interaction and mutual enrichment of literatures and cultures.
Translation as any activity starts from the need. A need in itself cannot govern the subjects activity until the object is determined taking possession of which can meet the need. The need directed at a certain object (an objected need) – a motive.
A translator does not satisfy his or her need. He or she is not driven with his or her motive. The motive is predetermined by the society or social order. Translation needs the constant need of communication among people who do not speak the same language or among people divided with linguistic and ethic barrier.
Linguistic and ethic barrier – an obstacle for communication among people speaking different language, caused by the absence of the common language and divergences of their national cultures.
There are non- linguistic ways to overcome the polylinguism (багатомовність): signs, gestures, traffic sign, and mathematic formulas. These ways of communication demand no language mediator (мовних посередників), buttheirsphereofusageisverynarrow. Language mediation gives much opportunities for communication over the language and ethnic area.
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Language mediation is an activity of a person who has command of both languages and enables speech communication of people who speak different languages.
Language mediation is a central link of mediated (опосередкованої) to language communication.
Language communication – a communication of 2 people, knowing different languages, carried out by translators.
It can be a 1-language communication, a speech communication of people who talk the same language.
Language communication – a communication of 2 people, knowing different languages, carried out by translators.
It can be a 1-language communication, a speech communication of people who talk the same language.
Translation - the main type of language mediation. Other types of language mediation:
- Adoptive transcoding- the type of language mediation in which it is not only transcoding/transliterating of information that takes place , but one witnesses the change or adaptation to communicated in another form, that is not determined by the organization of this information in the source text, but a peculiar task of interlingua communication. It is oriented at certain group of translation receptors or at the suggested form of information changes.
Types of adaptive transcoding:
- Shortened translation – translation where some parts of the source text are omitted for moral, political and other reasons of practical character.
- Adapted translation– translation, where structure and content are simplified to make it more comprehensible for receptors, who have no sufficient knowledge, professional or life experience to understand to understand the message fully and thoroughly.
- Retelling– translation, where some parts and narration details are skipped, and the text to translated not so exactly as in the source language. As a rule – for literary texts.
- Annotation, summary and paresis– while making them from foreign sources, the volume of the source text is shortened to a maximal the content is preserved.
Textualization of speakers communicative intentions - intentions are converted into a text in a foreign language the speaker does not formulate the text that should be translated, retold etc. He merely gives a language mediator a task like: ask that, try to achieve that, find out that. The language mediator formulates the text in a foreign language himself. Forexample, людинаgotзавданнязапитатищось в іноземця, але не формулює, як це треба запитувати.
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Conclusion : each type of language mediator corresponds with a specific social need, translation as the main type of language mediation is to satisfy the need of society in two-language communication, that`s approximated to one-language communication in completeness, effectiveness, and being natural as much as possible. But it can`t fully substitude.
05.02.2018
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