Chocolate is a delicious sweet loved by almost everybody.
The history of chocolate started at least 4000 years ago. The Aztecs, who lived in America, treated cacao drink as a gift of their gods.
Christopher Columbus was probably the first to take cacao beans from the New World to Europe in about 1502. In 1519 the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez visited Mexican emperor Montezuma and took some cacao as a gift for the King of Spain. Soon people began to drink chocolate with chili peppers but the taste of cocoa was too bitter so they added sugar to this cacao drink. By the end of 17th century rich people in Europe were drinking chocolate. In 1828 Dutch chocolate makers learnt how to press the fat from cacao beans.
Nowadays chocolate is a popular holiday gift for Christmas, birthdays and St. Valentine's Day. Chocolate eggs are sometimes given at Easter.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 9 23
Simple Ways to Live a Healthy Lifestyle
1)
Healthy lifestyle means being at a healthy weight, eating healthy food, doing enough exercise, not having bad habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol etc.
You should start with making small changes like adding fruit to your cereals, having an extra glass of water, doing more exercises and activities like house holding chores, gardening, walking, and playing games outdoors. You should make a list of all the physical activities you do on a typical day and make another list of all the ways you could move more - getting up each hour to stretch or walk, walk the stairs, etc. Eating a healthy diet is an important part of the healthy lifestyle, too.
Making small changes in how you live each day can be rewarding, so do your best to be healthy today.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 10
Grand Canyon
1)
The boy is telling the story about his family trip to the Grand Canyon. At the beginning of the journey the boy was a bit confused and disappointed about the problems which would appear during the journey (driving, packing things for such a trip, getting on well with each other after being cooped up in a car together for so long).
On the way to the Grand Canyon they drove through Atlanta, Birmingham and several other cities including Checotah, Oklahoma, Amarillo, Texas, Santa Fe and New Mexico.
When they finally reached the Grand Canyon by train the boy was astonished at the immense sizes of reddish rock. After the forty eight hundred miles journey they got twenty-five postcards and many impressions to tell about through the years.
|
|
|
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 11
1)
Kids may invent toys from anything: from building sets, other toys, pots and pans, old clothes and broken tools, sticks and stones, string and rubber bands, plastic, wood, paper etc.
Teddy bears were named in honour of Theodor Roosevelt, the president of the United States, because he was a hunter and there was a cartoon showing pictures of Roosevelt with a cute little bear.
Yo-yo is the toy which has been known for thousands years in ancient Greece, later in England and then in the United States.
In 1974 Erno Rubik, a Hungarian man interested in designs, invented a puzzle cube which he called a Magic Cube. After coming up with his intricate design he was wondering how, after only a few turns, the colours became mixed in his gadget creating a unique colour parade.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 12
Croquet & Lawn Tennis
1)
Croquet was introduced in England in 1856 and later brought to America. It was suitable for women as it required considerable skills but not much strength or technique. Earlier men and women could play croquet together as they needed little equipment and no special clothing to play this game.
Lawn tennis was another popular sport for middle-class women. This game was considered to be an excellent method of exercise and a useful mental and physical outlet. Men enjoyed lawn tennis too, because it was more active than croquet or archery. By 1880s it had become the rage in fashionable summer resorts.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 13 20 24
Traffic Pollution
\
1)
The main problems concerning road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. As the number of cars on British roads is constantly increasing the British government encourages people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough.
|
|
|
Car manufacturers are now developing electric cars which will cause less pollution. Riding a bicycle and walking are the cheapest and most environmentally-friendly ways to travel. In Oxford and Cambridge bicycles are common, and many other cities now have special cycle routes or cycle lanes beside the main road. In the US bicycles are used mostly for fun or sport.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 14
Owning Books
1) Reading is one of the best habits people have. When you borrow a book to read it is like inviting a guest to your home. You treat it carefully trying not to make any damage to it. It's better to have your own books because you can mark your favourite passages in them and then, in later years, you will recall these moments of reading.
Collecting a private library has a lot of advantages. The books you own are like friends that are always with you. They are never asleep or away on a journey. It's a great pleasure to open a book and have a talk with the greatest minds of the world: Socrates, Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens or Galsworthy. They wrote to you. And you open your heart to them and take the most of what your heart can take.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 15
The Circus
1)
Any time when the circus came to town, Aram and his friend Joey forgot about everything.
They spent all their time at the trains, watching them unload the animals, hanging around the grounds, trying to win the favour of the animal men, the workers, the acrobats, and the clowns.
The circus was adventure, travel, danger, skill, grace, romance, comedy, peanuts, popcorn, chewing-gum and soda-water for the boys. They used to carry water to the elephants and tried to seem associated with the whole magnificent affair, the putting up of the big tent, the getting everything in order, and the worldly-wise waiting for the people to come and spend their money.
|
|
|
One day Joey came tearing into the classroom ten minutes late, and shouted to Aram that the circus was in town. Aram jumped up and ran out of the room with poor old Miss Flibety screaming after him and ordering him to stay. The boy heard her all right and knew that his not staying would mean powerful strapping from old man Dawson but he couldn't help it because he was just crazy about a circus.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 16
The Hardest Language
1)
It is not easy to say which language is the most difficult to learn because there are many factors to take into consideration. As for the first language people learn their mother tongue naturally and it is not difficult for them. Learning a second language can cause some difficulties.
Learning Portuguese, for example, will be easier for a native speaker of Spanish than for a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different. The greater the differences between our first language and the second language are, the harder it will be for most people to learn.
Some people learn languages easily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers, circumstances of learning a foreign language as well as motivation play a very important role.
It is impossible to say which language is the most difficult language in the world.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 17
A Wider Classroom
1)
The children were having a lunch break in the shade of a small tree in Jim's front yard. Jim, an eighty-year-old school teacher and a baseball coach, began to retell them the stories from his life. He told them about hunting expeditions in the mountains and conquering a rattlesnake. He recalled his loyal dog named Pretty-Face and described his sorrow on the day when the dog died. He remembered his wife who always stayed up until late hours of the morning to bake the bread for the next day while he, often tired of teaching and hunting, went to bed. He was sorry that he hadn't stayed up with her then to spend a few hours together, because his wife died and it was too late to talk about it.
|
|
|
Jim shared his wisdom and reflections on his life with the children and advised them to spend more time with the people they loved. One of the boys was inspired and mesmerized by this extraordinary old man and thought that Jim's house was not a job at all, it was a classroom.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 18
Visiting Theme Parks
1) One important American contribution to vacation fun is the theme park. Theme parks are much larger and more high-tech than the older amusement parks which were popular in 1960s-1980s. They have carnival games, rides, shows, displays, shops that sell souvenirs, and restaurants and food stands. They are developed around some educational or entertaining theme or idea, such as American or regional history, marine life, water sports, or African safaris. Theme parks appeal to people of all ages and are often a family's primary vacation destination. Their profit is about $7 billion a year!
In 1955 Walt Disney, the famous American cartoonist and filmmaker, opened the first theme park, Disneyland, near Los Angeles, California. Disneyland's great success inspired the building of parks elsewhere in the U.S. and Europe.
The largest is Walt Disney World, which covers 43 square miles near Orlando, Florida, and includes four lakes and about 100 restaurants.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 21
Ukrainian-Canadian Cooking
1)
Ukrainian settlers from Galicia and Bukovyna who arrived in Canada in the late 1890s brought their cooking traditions to their new land. They adapted to local conditions as not all kinds of fruit, vegetables and crops could be grown on new areas.
So the settlers replaced some ingredients in their cooking: prunes and raisins instead of fresh fruit, pork was substituted by beef, goose, turkey, duck and local species of fish. The traditional recipes of cabbage rolls (holubtsy), sausage and some kinds of desserts have also been changed a little according to new conditions of nature and agriculture.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 22
Student Life
1)
Student life is thought to be easy, enjoyable and careless. In Britain students have to pay their living expenses and tuition fees but they can get a loan which has to be paid back. In the US students have to pay for tuition and accommodation. Many students take part-time jobs to earn their living.
Students in Great Britain mostly go to university away from their home town and usually live in a hall of residence for the first year, then they rent a room or a house to share it with other students.
British universities have a wide range of activities including sports, drama and politics. In the US students spend a lot of time on social activities, parties and dances.
Дата добавления: 2018-05-12; просмотров: 247; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!