Translate the following questions from Russian into English and answer them.
1) Компания продаёт товары и услуги, чтобы заработать деньги, не так ли?
2) Компанией может владеть индивидуальный собственник, не так ли?
3) Компания может быть собственностью товарищества, не так ли?
4) Компания с ограниченной ответственностью функционирует на основе принципа ограниченной ответственности, не так ли?
5) Ограниченная ответственность — это ограничение возмещения убытков от хозяйственной деятельности суммой вложенного капитала?
Complete the following statements.
1) Company is…
2) Business enterprises take…
3) The first form of business is…
4) The second form of business is…
5) The third form of business is…
6) Individual proprietor holds…
7) Individual proprietor manages…
8) Partners receive…
9) Whenever a partner leaves…
10) Limited-liability company functions…
11) Limited liability is…
12) Limited liability enables business firms to…
13) Investors are understandably unwilling to…
Холдинговые компании. Банкротство
Study the words and the word-combinations.
| holding company | холдинг компания |
| voting stock | controlling number of the shares |
| stock n | акции |
| exercise v | выполнять |
| exclusively adv | исключительно |
| engage v | заниматься |
| majority n | большинство |
| subsidiary n | подконтрольная компания |
| ownership n | владение; |
| diffuse v | распространять |
| suffice v | хватать; |
| gain v | добывать |
| merger n | поглощение; слияние |
| reap v | пожинать плоды |
| goodwill n | престиж фирмы |
| liability n | денежные обязательства |
| bankruptcy n | банкротство |
| judicial process | судебная процедура |
| indiscriminately adv | неразборчив; |
| insolvency n | неплатежеспособность |
| meet debts | оплачивать долги |
| adjudication in bankruptcy | объявление банкротом по суду |
| file a petition | подать петицию |
| enact v | вводить закон |
| orderly adj | аккуратный |
| estate n | имущество |
| insolvent debtor | несостоятельный должник |
| couple v | связывать |
| impose v | налагать |
| fraudulent debtors | должники, дающие ложные сведения о своем имущественном положении; |
| designation n | называние; |
| stigma n | клеймо, репутация преступника |
| eventually adv | со временем |
| adjustment n | улаживание |
| rehabilitation n | восстановление в правах |
| salvage n | спасение имущества |
| labour force | рабочая сила |
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Scan through the text. Restore the word order in the questions that follow and answer them.
Holding Company
Holding company is a company that owns enough voting stock (a controlling number of the shares) in one or more other companies to exercise control over them. A company that exists exclusively for this purpose is called a pure holding company, while one that also engages in a business of its own is called a holding-operating company. A holding company typically owns a majority of stock in a subsidiary (a company that is owned or controlled by another company), but if ownership of the remaining shares is widely diffused, even minority ownership may suffice to give the holding company control. A holding company provides a means of control of several companies with a minimum amount of investment. The use of a holding company is legally simpler and less expensive than other means of gaining control of another company, such as, for example, merger (the act of joining together two or more companies to form a single enterprise). A holding company is able to reap the benefits of a subsidiary's goodwill (the success of a company, and its good relationship with its customers, calculated as part of its value when it is sold) and reputation, yet its liability is limited to the proportion of the subsidiary's stock that it owns. These and other factors make holding companies an effective form of organization on both national and international levels.
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1) What by the term “holding company” is meant?
2) What is by the term “voting stock” meant?
3) What is company called a pure holding company?
4) What company called a holding-operating company is?
5) What by the term “subsidiary” meant is?
6) What stock the holding company control over its subsidiary gives?
7) What company a means of control of several companies with a minimum amount of investment provides?
8) What the simplest way to gain control of another company is?
9) What by the term “merger” is meant?
10) What by the term is “goodwill” meant?
11) What a holding company is able to get?
12) What a holding company’s liability is limited to?
13) What an effective form of organization on both national and international levels is?
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