II. Speak on the topic “State System of the Russian Federation”
III. Ask your partner about the State System of the Russian Federation.
UNITED KINGDOM: POLITICAL SYSTEM
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is governed by the Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.
The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.
The executive power is exercised by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers: twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet.
The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party (the Vigies).
He judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both the legislative and the executive branches.
There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.
Topical Vocabulary
- a constitutional monarchy- конституционная монархия
- the Queen - королева
- Head of State - глава государства
- the legislative power - законодательная власть
- to exercised by – осуществляться кем-либо
- the Houses of Parliament - парламент
- the House of Lords - палата лордов
- the House of Commons - палата общин
- to be composed of smb. - состоять из кого-либо
- hereditary and life peers- наследственные и пожизненные пэры
- a peeress - пэресса
- a member of – депутат ( парламента)
- to be elected by the people- быть избранным народом
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- the real governing body - реальный правящий орган
- to be elected from a constituency- быть избранным от избирательного округа
- the executive power- исполнительная власть
- Prime Minister - премьер-министр
- the Cabinet - кабинет министров
- to be formed by smth. – формироваться чем-либо
- to be supported by the majority - поддерживаться большинством
- the majority party leader - лидер партии большинства
- to be appointed by - назначаться ( кем-либо)
- to choose a team of ministers - создавать команду министров
- the official opposition - официальная оппозиция
- the Shadow Cabinet - теневой кабинет
- to determine common law - определять гражданское право
- to be independent of smb -быть независимым от
- a written constitution - написанная конституция
- a precedent - прецедент
I. Answer the questions
1.Can you give the full name of the country?
2. What political system is in the UK?
3. Who govern the state?
4. How many branches of power are there in the UK?
5. What power is exercised by the Parliament?
6. How many chambers are there in the Parliament?
7. What are they?
8. Who does the House of Lords consist of?
9.Who does the House of Commons consist of?
10.Can you name the real governing body in the UK?
11.What powers are exercised by Prime Minister?
12.Who forms the Cabinet?
13.What party supports the Government?
14.Who appoints Prime Minister?
15.How many ministers are there in the Cabinet?
16.What is the official Opposition?
II. Speak about the political system of the UK.
III. Ask your partner about the political system of the UK.
Lesson 8
US GOVERNMENT
The USA is a presidential republic
The legislative branch of the US Government, or the Congress, represents all of the American states. It consists of two parts: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state has two senators, who are elected every 6 years. A senator must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the United States for 9 years, and live in the state she or he will represent. A representative must be at least 25 years old, a citizen for 7 years, and live in the state.
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The job of the Congress is to make laws. The President can veto a bill. The Congress can pass the law anyway if it gets a two-thirds majority vote. The Congress can also declare war. The House of Representatives can also impeach the President. This means that the House can charge the President with a crime. In this case, the Senate will put the President on trial. The Senate votes to approve the justices that the President appoints to the Supreme Court.
The executive branch of the government puts the country’s laws into effect. The President of the United States is a member of the executive branch. The President must be at least 35 years old, and be a natural citizen of the USA. In addition, he must have lived in the US for at least 14 years, and be a civilian. The President is elected every four years and cannot serve more than two terms. The Vice-President of the USA is president of the Senate. When the President receives a bill from the Congress, he must sign it, and then the bill becomes a law. However, if he disagrees with the law, he can veto it. The President can also ask the Congress to declare war. He also appoints the justices to the Supreme Court. He must do his according to the Constitution, or he may be impeached.
The judicial branch of the government is the system of courts in the United States. Its job is to enforce laws. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country. It consists of 9 justices: one Chief Justice and 8 associate justices. The President appoints the justices, but the Supreme Court makes sure that people obey the laws. The Supreme Court can also decide if a law is constitutional, that is, if it is an agreement with the Constitution. The judicial branch works together with the legislative and executive branches to protect the Constitution and the rights of people.
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Topical Vocabulary
- a presidential republic - президентская республика
- the Congress - Конгресс
- to represent smb. or smth. - представлять кого-либо/ что-либо
- the House of Representatives - палата представителей
- the Senate - Сенат
- a senator - сенатор
- to be elected - быть избранным
- to be a citizen of - быть гражданином ( какой-либо страны)
- a representative - представитель
- to make a law - создавать закон
- to veto a bill -наложить вето на законопроект
- to pass the law - провести закон
- to get a two-thirds majority vote - получить большинство в две трети голосов
- to declare war - объявить войну
- to impeach the President подвергнуть президента импичменту
- to charge the President with a crime - обвинить президента в совершении преступления
- to put the President on trial - судить президента
- to vote - глосовать
- to approve the justices - утвердить судей
- to appoint a justice to the Supreme Court - назначить судью верховного суда
- to put the country’s laws into effect - приводить в исполнение законы страны
- to be a natural citizen of the USA - родиться в США и быть гражданином США
- to be a civilian - быть штатским
- to serve - служить
- a term – срок службы
- the Vice-President - вице-президент
- to sign smth. - подписать что-либо
- a system of courts - система судов
- to enforce laws - проводить законы в жизнь
- a justice - судья
- Chief Justice - верховный судья
- an associate justice - судья (помощник судьи)
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- to be appointed for life - назначаться пожизненно
- to obey a law - подчинится закону
- constitutional - конституционный
- to protect the Constitution and the rights of people - защищать конституцию и права граждан
I. Answer the questions:
1. What political system is in the USA?
2.What is the legislative branch of the US government?
3. What chambers does the Congress consist of?
4.How many years do the senators work in the Congress?
5.Who can be elected a representative?
4.What are the jobs of the Congress?
5.What are the jobs of each chamber ?
6. What body makes laws?
7. Who can veto a bill?
6. What does the executive brunch do?
7. Who can be elected the President of the USA?
8. What is the President’s term of office? How many terms does the President serve?
9.What organ can impeach the President?
10.What is impeachment?
11.What organ puts the country’s laws into effect?
12. Who presides the Senate?
13. Who appoints the justices?
14. What is the judicial brunch of the government?
15. Can you name the highest court in the US?
16. How many judges work there?
17. What is the aim of the three branches - judicial, legislative and executive?
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