Bondarenkova Elizaveta. The evocation of the verbal valency in the structure of a poetic image: a case study of sonnet 33 by William Shakespeare
This paper aims to identify the role of verbal valency in creating an artistic image in the poetic text. Generally, as shown in the studies on semantic syntax, valency forms the basis of a verb’s meaning and predetermines the ability of a verb to collocate with various noun phrases that perform the functions of actants and/or circonstants within a particular proposition. Manifestation of a verb’s valency scheme in an utterance reflects a certain propositional structure that specifies the semantic relations between such actants as agent, patient, instrument and some others. In texts of various genres this kind of propositional structures can be included, as shown in studies on cognitive semantics, into more comprehensive conceptual structures, such as frames, scenarios and scripts. Considering this possibility and with reference to the theoretical assumption of cognitive grammar on the close correlation of the semantic structure of a verb, including its valency scheme, and the evocation of the elements of the mentioned conceptual structures, the present paper provides an analysis of using verbs and non-finite verbal forms in the poetic text of W. Shakespeare (sonnet 33). The central image of the analyzed text is the Sun, whose different names represent the subject valency of most verbs used in the sonnet. The verbs’ valency schemes contribute to the creation of a bright poetic image through activating various conceptual structures. The first quatrain contains verbs with subject, object and instrumental valencies, which activates the frame of "public administration" and contributes to representing the poetic image of the sun as the powerful governor who loves his people and at whose appearance everything comes to life and becomes bright and colorful. The subsequent two stanzas of the sonnet represent the sun in a dynamic contradiction, which is achieved through the interaction of general meanings conveyed by subject, object and instrumental valencies of the verbs and the constituents of the scripts "escape" and "a short visit" that are evoked by the words with the meanings of place, time, measure and degree, manner of action, purpose and reason. The total poetic image of the sun is created mainly through the conceptual integration of semantic and formal valencies of the verbs, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the meanings of words and grammatical structures that are associated with particular frames and scripts.
Dekterev Sergei, Osokina Natalia. The Intentional Semantic Shift “Nongradability– Gradability” in pronouns
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The Intentional Semantic Shift, which is viewed here as a deliberate use of grammatical categories with the forms alien to the grammatical context, results in bringing about new, non-grammatical meanings. Within the category of Gradability, the Intentional Semantic Shift is seen as the use of non-gradable adjectives, adverbs, as well as nouns and verbs with the intensifiers too, very and so. Of special interest are the cases of the use of pronouns with such intensifiers. Although rare, such examples of the Intentional Semantic Shift within the category of Gradability in Pronouns are expressive, informative and ambiguous.
Gudukhina Maria. Representation of the category of predicativity in English scientific texts
The paper considers the specifics of representation of predicativity in English scientific texts, an attempt is made to classify and systematize different predicative patterns. Predicativity is known as the interaction between several topics within the same communicative situation, which feature a link between a subject name (aсtant) and a quality (predicate) and grammatical features of tense, modality and person having formal expression or presented implicitly. In other words, predicativity is represented as reality represented in the utterance which can be expressed in different syntactic structures having a combination of features including modality, time and person. After such researchers as G. A. Zolotova, L. M. Kovaleva, O. A. Suleymanova, we differentiate polypredicative (complex sentences), full predicative and secondary predicative structures. Depending on how explicit predicativity is there are semi-predicative structures, rolled-predicative structures and hidden-predicative structures. The report analyzes the features of different predicative structures in English scientific texts and draws structural parallels between English and Russian scientific texts.
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