Ex. 2. p. 276 Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary
NOTES: After the verbs comeand gowe often use the Gerund related to outdoor activities: climbing, driving, fishing, riding, sailing, shopping, skiing, walking, etc. □ Why don't you come sailingwith us? □ Let's go skiing! The following verbs always have a direct object: catch, find, notice, observe, see. □ I'd better not catch you doingthat again! It is necessary to distinguish two particularly confusing verb phrases, used toand be used to. Used to + Infinitive Used to + Infinitiverefers to habitual action in the past, and used tocan not be followed by a noun (or a gerund): □ When I was in England, I used to eata big breakfast. Used tois a fixed idiom and is not used in any other tense. Be used to + noun/gerund The phrase is parallel in structure to to be interested in, and it is possible to put a noun after to: □ I'm used to his curious ways. □ I'm used tohearing about the odd things he does. The verb to be in to be used tocan be used in any appropriate tense. To be used tosuggests familiarity through a repetition of the activitity or occurrence; it does not state the existence of a habit as such.
VERBS USED WITH THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE
There are a few verbs which appear in more than one combination: with the Gerund and the Infinitive. These particular verbs have different patterns associated with meanings.
I
| Verbs | Gerund | Infinitive |
| begin- начинать | a. The predicate indicates an activity or process (but the infinitive is also possible). She began crying(to cry). When did you begin learning (to learn) English? | a. The predicate denotes a state of mind or mental activity. I began to feeldizzy. He began to realizethat he had made a mistake. b. The grammatical subject is lifeless. The barometer began to fall. с The verb is used in a continuous form. It's beginning to freeze. |
| start- начинать, браться за что-либо | It started raining. | It is starting to snow. |
| stop-останавливаться, прекращать | He stopped smokingon his doctor's advice. (= He doesn't smoke anymore) | He stoppedto smoke. (= in order to smoke) |
| cease- прекращать, приостанавливать | The factory has ceased makingbicycles. | The old German Empire ceasedtoexistin 1918. |
| continue- продолжать | How long will you continue working? | He continuedto livewith his parents after his marriage. |
| like*(love) - нравиться | Ilike cooking(= enjoy in general) | I liketo cookmy meals. (= find it good or right) |
| dread- страшиться, бояться, опасаться | I dread havingto visit the dentist. | I dreadto thinkwhat may happen. |
| loathe-чувствовать отвращение, ненавидеть | He loathes travellingby air. (in general) | I loatheto haveto put up here, (in particular) |
| hate- ненавидеть, не хотеть, испытывать неловкость | She hates gettingto the theatre late. (= strong dislike) | I hateto troubleyou. (= regret) |
| remember- помнить, напоминание ("не забудь") | Iremember postingyour letter. (= have a memory of the act) | He remembered topost the letter. (= didn't forget to do it) |
| forget- забывать regret -сожалеть try - пытаться, стараться prefer - пред- почитать be afraid (of) - бояться | I forgot calling you the the day before. (about the past action) I regret saying (having said) that you were mistaken, (the action occured earlier in time) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. (= do smth as an experiment) I prefer walking to cycling. (in general) I dont like dogs. I'm always afraid of being bitten. (= there is a possibility that smth bad will happen) | Don’t forget to call me tomorrow. (the action occurs at the same time or later) I regret to say that you were mistaken. (=I am sorry that I must Now tell you…) Try to get here early. (=make an effort) I prefer to wait here. (in particular/now) He was afraid to tell his parents That he had broken the neighbour’s window. (=don’t want to do smth. because it is dangerous or the result might be unpleasant). |
You are afraid to dosmth because you are afraid of smth happeningas a result.
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Iwas afraid to stayin the sun I burnt.
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Would likeis followed by the Infinitive. Notice the difference in meaning between I likeand I would like. I would likeis a polite way of saying I want.
I likeplaying tennis. (= I enjoy it in general)
I would like to playtennis today. (= I want to play)
We can also use I would love/prefer/hate+ Infinitive.
Wouldyou prefer to havedinner now or later?
I'd love to be ableto travel round the world.
II. There are some verbs which can be followed by the Gerund or "that-clause".
| Verb | Gerund | “that-clause” |
| 1. admit- признавать | He admitted having done wrong. | He admitted (that) he had made the same mistake again. |
| 2. report – сообщать | He reported having seen the escaped convict. | It is reported that the expedition has already come back. |
| 3. deny – отрицать | He denied knowing anything about the plan. | I denied (that) the statement was true. |
| 4. suggest– предлагать | I suggest going home. | I suggested that he should see a specialist immediately. |
| 5. acknowledge – допускать, признавать | He acknowledged having been frightened. | He refused to acknowledge that he had been defeated. |
| 6. anticipate, foresee – ожидать, предвидеть | We didn’t anticipate being treated like that. | The directors anticipated that demand would fall. |
| 7. fancy – нравиться, воображать, представлять себе | She didn’t fancy going out. (=like the idea) | I fancy that he is in for a disappointment. |
| 8. imagine - воображать | I can’t imagine marryinga girl of that sort. (=form a picture in the mind) | Don’t imagine that I can lend you money every time you need it. (=get the idea) |
III.With a number of verbs and word-groups both the Gerund and the Infinitive can be used. There is no change in meaning. They can also be followed by a "that-clause".
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| 1. love любить | She loves having/to havea lot of dogs and young men around her. | |
| 2. regret сожалеть | I regret being unableto help you. He regretted to havesaid that. I regretted thatI couldn't help. | |
| 3. intend намереваться планировать | What do you intend doing/to dotoday? We intended thatthey should do it. (= have in mind as a plan) | |
| 4. forget забывать | I shall never forget hearingChaliapin in that part. He has forgotten to payme. Did you forget thatI was coming? | |
| 5. propose предлагать | I proposestarting early/to startearly/that we should start early. | |
Exercises
Ex. 2. p. 276 Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary.
I (A, B)
1. She only succeeded ... blocking the way. 2. She showed no intention ... leaving. 3. There is no point... staying. 4. He did not object... being examined. 5.1 was not used ... driving a big car through crowded streets. 6. She was surprisingly clever... finding out things. 7. How can I prevent her... going there? 8.1 was thinking at the time ... selling the place. 9.1 car find that out... asking. 10. After all I'm personally responsible ... bringing you back safe and sound. 11. They positively insisted ... visiting all the rooms. 12. What are your reasons to accuse her ... taking the papers? 13. Everything depends ... being on the spot. 14. thanked him again ... lending me the car.
II. (C)
1. Jones insisted ... shaking hands. 2. I take all the blame ... not seeing further than my nose. 3. Unfortunately I haven't succeeded ... making much impression on you. 4. He made a point... never sounding disappointed. 5. His mission had very little to do ... winning the war. 6. He had never had much difficulty ... getting jobs. The trouble had always been ... keeping them. 7. She thanked him ...taking her out. 8. He did not object... seeing Francis 9.1 shall look forward ... seeing your book. 10.1 thought... taking a trip up the Scandinavian coast. 11. Jack hesitated, then decided ... talking. 12.1 told him that we were about to be turned out of our flat.... not paying the rent. 13. Quite late, when he was on the point... going
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