КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ. ЧАСТЬ II
Методические указания
Контрольные задания по профильному английскому языку предназначены для бакалавров дистанционной формы обучения неязыковых специальностей. Контрольные задания представляют собой тексты для чтения и перевода и послетекстовые (в отдельных случаях предтекстовые) задания в виде вопросов с множественным выбором ответов, упражнений, где требуется установить правдивость и ложность высказываний в соответствии с содержанием текста. Также Вы найдете задания на поиск синонимов и антонимов, неправильных глаголов, заполнение пропусков, трансформацию предложений в пассивную форму, с использованием конструкции there+be, составление собственных вопросов к предложениям из текста, краткое изложение содержания текста и другие. Тексты представляют собой переработанный языковой материал, заимствованный из оригинальных публикаций и иностранных учебных пособий.
Лексико-грамматические тесты состоят из заданий на множественный выбор, сопоставление, расположение слов в правильном порядке, определение лишнего слова в предложении.
Выполняя задания, бакалавр должен:
- уметь идентифицировать грамматические формы в предложении и тексте;
- уметь находить грамматические ошибки в предложении и исправлять их;
- уметь самостоятельно определять значения незнакомых слов исходя из контекста;
- уметь выделять основную мысль текста, факты, соотносить их между собой;
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- уметь кратко излагать содержание текста.
Инструкции по выполнению контрольных работ
1. Контрольные задания составлены в пяти вариантах. Выбор правильного варианта обусловлен последней цифрой зачетной книжки бакалавра, причем цифры 1 и 2 соответствуют первому варианту как из первой части контрольных заданий, так и из второй тестовой части. Соответственно последняя цифра 3 или 4 зачетной книжки указывает на необходимость выполнения второго варианта, 5 или 6 – третьего варианта, 7 или 8 – четвертого варианта, а 9 или 10 – пятого варианта контрольных заданий.
2. Выполняйте контрольную работу в отдельной тетради, если невозможно выполнить ее в электронном виде. Для этого напишите на обложке свою фамилию, имя, отчество, шифр, номер контрольной работы и ее вариант.
3. Настоятельно рекомендуется выполнять задания в том порядке, в каком они представлены, а не в произвольном.
4. Не забудьте написать текст задания к каждому упражнению. Если выполнение задания предполагает перевод предложения или абзаца текста, представьте письменный перевод вслед за его английским аналогом. В заданиях с множественным выбором в ответе укажите цифру или букву предполагаемого ответа. В заданиях, где требуется установить правдивость и ложность высказываний, правдивое высказывание обозначьте в ответе буквой T (true),ложное буквой F (false),а отсутствующую информацию буквами NG (not given). В заданиях на заполнение пропусков просто напишите Ваш вариант ответа под номером вопроса в задании. Свои вопросы к тексту и его краткое изложение представьте в письменном виде.
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5. При неполном или неправильном оформлении контрольная работа возвращается студенту без проверки для устранения недочетов.
Рекомендации
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса грамматики английского языка:
1. Видовременная система английского глагола.
2. Порядок слов утвердительного и вопросительного предложений.
3. Оборот there+be.
4. Пассивный залог.
5. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные, отрицательные.
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ. ЧАСТЬ I
Вариант № 1
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите третий абзац письменно.
SOME NOTES ON DEFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION
(1) The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs of northern Nigeria and southern Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these lands, which occupy much of the West African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.
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(2) Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards spreading to once productive Sahel lands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 % of the dry land in agricultural usage in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more prolonged and more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
(3)One of the main causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing – keeping too many farm animals on the land – means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Overcultivation – trying to grow too many crops on poor land – results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion follows, and the land turns into desert.
(4)Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help bind the soil together, conserve moisture, and provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and finally the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.
(5) The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. However, they are preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by the UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing a viable agricultural economy based on the production of soaps, bee-keeping, and marketing shea nuts. This may be a pattern for similar projects in other West African countries.
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Задание 2. Найдите слова в тексте, которые:
1. начинается на букву “o” и означает cover (параграф 1);
2. начинается на букву “s” и означает firmly, constantly (параграф 2);
3. начинается на букву “s” и означает limited (параграф 3);
4. начинается на букву “e” и означает completely (параграф 4);
5. начинается на букву “h” и означает stop (параграф 5).
Задание 3. Определите, являются ли отсутствующие слова в предложениях 1-6 существительными или прилагательными.
1. Climate of the Sahel is described as ……. .
2. In some areas of the Sahel, there has been no rainfall for more than ……. .
3. Desertification is caused to be overgrazing, but this in turn is due to the pressure from …….
4. When trees are cut down, the soil is affected, which leads to the death of the surrounding ……
5. The consequences of the loss of topsoil cannot be reversed, but they are … .
6. Looking after trees reduces the consequences of a lack of … .
Задание 4.Заполните пропускив предложениях, данных в задании 3. Используйте не более двух слов из текста для каждого ответа.
Задание 5.Определите, какие из высказываний являются правдивыми, какие ложными, а какие вообще не содержат информацию из текста.
1. The Sahara has spread slowly northwards into the Sahel region.
2. Just over 70% of the dry land in agricultural use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years.
3. Desertification is taking place faster in southern Africa than in the Sahel.
4. The advance of the desert is not the result of poor agricultural land use.
5. The loss of tree cover is a minor cause of desertification.
6. If there is a loss of tree cover, the deterioration in the soil is stopped.
7. Tree conservation is more effective than sustainable agricultural land use in reducing the consequences of lack of rain.
Задание 6. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 7. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover.
2. Soil erosion follows, and the land turns into desert.
Задание 8.Подчеркните сказуемое в следующих предложениях, укажите видовременную форму, залог.
1. Droughts have become more prolonged and more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region.
2. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use.
3. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall.
Задание 9. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. Tree roots help bind the soil together, conserve moisture, and provide a habitat for other plants and animals.
2. Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards spreading to once productive Sahel lands.
Задание 10. Cоставьте 10 вопросов различного типа к любым предложениям из текста.
Вариант № 2
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите второй абзац письменно.
COLLEGE RECONSTRUCTION
(1) Our life goes on and nothing can stay the same for a long time without being changed to satisfy modern needs. The College plans to modernize its current site in a multimillion pound investment to upgrade its buildings and create a new campus. The College has secured support and funding for the project and is now looking for a suitable developer to take the project forward. Although no formal plans have been filed at this stage, the College administration aims to reconstruct the existing location with new buildings in one area and sell the remaining land for further development. The total amount of spending for the whole project will be about £40 million.
(2) We are aware of people’s worries concerning the redevelopment of the site, but we cannot continue in the present buildings in the long term. They have become tired and unworkable and are now proving very costly to maintain – that is money that should be spent directly on teaching and learning. The buildings do not meet our needs for the 21st century and our students’ requirements. Frankly speaking they are outdated.
(3) The quality of the teaching and learning at the College will always be the most important thing. That’s why we intend to create a brand new College campus. We want our students to have the opportunity to learn in modern, up-to-date facilities. This investment is timed to make sure that our future students will also have top-class facilities.
(4) During the creation of our new campus, we aim to ensure that the reconstruction takes place away from any buildings that will still be in use. An appraisal of all the existing buildings will be carried out to make sure that they are capable of providing a suitable learning environment until the new buildings are complete. If necessary, some money will be available to ensure that these buildings remain fit-for-purpose until the new buildings are ready.
(5) We are determined to work closely with our local neighbors on this project. Though there will be a formal public consultation process as part of the planning procedures, we will also be inviting our immediate local residents to more informal meetings where we can pay our full attention to their views and opinions. Our consultants are beginning to work on putting together plans that will give us an idea of what the new campus will look like. We will consult closely with local people as the project progresses. Our intention is to create a College that benefits everyone.
Задание 2. Установите соответствия заголовков A-F абзацам текста 1-5. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. Один заголовок в задании лишний.
A Classes will continue
B The financial benefit for others of staying in the same place
C Our attitude will never change
D The plan and the cost
E No choice
F Friendly discussions
Задание 3. Найдите слова в тексте, которые:
1. начинается на букву “s” и означает help, assistance (параграф 1);
2. начинается на букву “r” и означает need, want (параграф 2);
3. начинается на букву “o” и означает chance, occasion (параграф 3);
4. начинается на букву “a ” и означает evaluation (параграф 4);
5. начинается на букву “i” и означает aim, goal, purpose (параграф 5).
Задание 4.Отметьте правдивые и ложные высказывания в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. The amount of £40 million is already being spent on repairs.
2. There will be new college buildings constructed.
3. The quality of teaching is still the main thing for the college administration.
4. The consultations will take place with foreign partners only. No local people will be involved in the process.
Задание 5. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 6. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. That’s why we intend to create a brand new College campus.
2. We will consult closely with local people as the project progresses.
Задание 7.Подчеркните сказуемое в следующих предложениях, укажите видовременную форму, залог.
1. The College has secured support and funding for the project and is now looking for a suitable developer to take the project forward.
2. We are determined to work closely with our local neighbors on this project.
3. If necessary, money will be available to ensure that these buildings remain fit-for-purpose until the new buildings are ready.
Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. The total amount of spending for the whole project will be about £40 million.
2. Our intention is to create a College that benefits everyone.
Задание 9. Cоставьте 10 вопросов различного типа к любым предложениям из текста.
Задание 10. Изложите краткое содержание текста в 100 словах (артикли и предлоги считаются отдельными словами).
Вариант № 3
Задание 1.Прочтите текст и переведите второй абзац письменно.
THE SWEET LIFE
(1) A successful businessman Milton S. Hershey was born near the small village of Derry Church, Pennsylvania, in 1857. It was a start that did not foretell his later popularity. Milton attended school through the fourth grade; at that point, he was apprenticed to a printer in a nearby town. Fortunately for all chocolate lovers, Milton did not excel as a printer. After a while, he left the printing business and was apprenticed to a Lancaster, Pennsylvania candy maker. It was apparent he had found his calling in life, and at the age of eighteen, he opened his own candy store in Philadelphia. In spite of his talents as a candy maker, the shop failed after six years.
(2) It may seem as a surprise to current Milton Hershey fans, but his first candy success came with the manufacture of caramel. After the failure of his Philadelphia store, Milton headed for Denver, where he learned the art of making caramels. There he took a job with a local manufacturer who insisted on using fresh milk in making his caramels; Milton saw that this made the caramels especially tasty. After a time in Denver, Milton once again attempted to open his own candy-making businesses, in Chicago, New Orleans, and New York City. Finally, in 1886, he went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he raised the money necessary to try again. This company - the Lancaster Caramel Company - established Milton’s reputation as a master candy maker.
(3) In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German chocolate-making implements. Fascinated by the equipment, he purchased it for his Lancaster candy factory and began producing chocolate, which he used for coating his caramels. By the next year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate. The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but retained the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate. He believed that a large market of chocolate consumers was waiting for someone to produce reasonably priced candy. He was right.
(4) Milton Hershey came back to the village, which was his motherland, in the heart of dairy country, and opened his chocolate manufacturing plant. With access to all the fresh milk he needed, he started producing the finest milk chocolate. The plant that opened in a small Pennsylvania village in 1905 is today the largest chocolate factory in the world and its production is favorite all over the world.
(5) The area where the factory is located is now known as Hershey, Pennsylvania. Within the first decades of its existence, the town of Hershey thrived, as did the chocolate business. A bank, a school, churches, a department store, even a park and a trolley system all appeared very quickly; the town soon even had a zoo. Today, a visit to the area reveals the Hershey Medical Center, Milton Hershey School, and Hershey’s Chocolate World - a theme park where visitors are greeted by a giant Reese’s Peanut Butter Cup. All of these things - and a huge number of happy chocolate lovers - were made possible because a caramel maker visited the Chicago Exposition of 1893!
Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1.According to information contained in the passage, the reader can infer which of the following?
a. Chocolate is popular in every country in the world.
b. Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups are manufactured by the Hershey Chocolate Company.
c. Chocolate had never been manufactured in the United States before Milton Hershey did it.
d. The Hershey Chocolate Company now makes more money from Hershey’s Chocolate World than from the manufacture and sale of chocolate.
2. Which of the following best defines the word subsidiary as used in paragraph 3?
a. a company owned entirely by one person
b. a company founded to support another company
c. a company that is not incorporated
d. a company controlled by another company
3. The writer’s main purpose in this passage is to
a. recount the founding of the Hershey Chocolate Company.
b. describe the process of manufacturing chocolate.
c. compare the popularity of chocolate to other candies.
d. explain how apprenticeships work.
4.The mention of the Chicago International Exposition of 1893 in the passage indicates that
a. the exposition in Chicago is held once every three years.
b. the theme of the exposition of 1893 was “Food from Around the World”.
c. the exposition contained displays from a variety of countries.
d. the site of the exposition is now a branch of the Hershey Chocolate Company.
Задание 3.Найдите слова в тексте, которые:
1. начинается на букву “a” и означает obvious, evident (параграф 1);
2. начинается на букву “f” и означает misfortune, flop (параграф 2);
3. начинается на букву “p” и означает buy, gain (параграф 3);
4. начинается на букву “d” и означает creamery (параграф 4);
5. начинается на букву “t” и означает prosper (параграф 5).
Задание 4.Подберите антонимы к следующим словам из текста.
1. attend,
2. excel,
3. necessary,
4. reasonably,
5. giant.
Задание 5. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 6.Подчеркните сказуемое в следующих предложениях, укажите видовременную форму, залог.
1. It was apparent he had found his calling in life, and at the age of eighteen, he opened his own candy store in Philadelphia.
2. The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary of the Lancaster Caramel Company.
3. The area where the factory is located is now known as Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Задание 7. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. In spite of his talents as a candy maker, the shop failed after six years.
2. By the next year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate.
Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but retained the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate.
2. The plant that opened in a small Pennsylvania village in 1905 is today the largest chocolate factory in the world.
Задание 9. Cоставьте 5 вопросов различного типа к любым предложениям из текста.
Задание 10.Изложите краткое содержание текста в 100 словах (артикли и предлоги считаются отдельными словами).
Вариант № 4
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите первый абзац письменно.
SUSHI IN THE USA
(1) Pizza, hot dogs, burgers, fries, raw fish. Raw fish? Junk food in America is changing. Sushi, the thousand-year-old Japanese delicacy, was once thought of in this country as unpalatable and too exotic. But tastes differ. Starting in the 1970s, Americans became increasingly more aware of diet and health issues, and began refusing from their traditional red-meat diets in favor of healthier, lower-fat choices such as fish, poultry, whole grains, rice, and vegetables. The way food was cooked began to change, too; rather than frying food, people started opting for broiled, steamed, and raw versions. Sushi, acombination of rice and fish, fit the bill. Besides, that same decade saw Japan become an important global economic force, and companies began flocking to the country to do business. All Japanese things, including decor, clothing, and cuisine, became popular.
(2)Sushi started small in the United States, in a handful of restaurants in big cities. But it caught on. Today, sushiconsumption in American restaurants is 40% greater than it was in the late 1990s, according to the National Restaurant Association. The concession stands at almost every major league stadium sell sushi, and many colleges and universities offer it in their dining halls and canteens. But they’re not just eating it out. The National Sushi Association reports that there are over 5,000 sushibars in supermarkets, and that number is growing monthly. This incredible growth in availability and consumption points to the fact that Americans have decided that sushi isn’t just good for them, or just convenient, but that this once-scorned food is truly delicious. The origins of this food trend may be found in Asia, where it was developed as a way of preserving fish. Fresh, cleaned fish was pressed between rice and salt and weighted with a heavy stone over a period of several months. During this time, the rice fermented, producing lactic acid that pickled and preserved the fish. For many years, the fish waseaten and the rice was cast. But about 500 years ago, that changed, and hako-zushi (boxed sushi) was created. In this type of sushi, the rice and fish are pressed together in a box, and are consumed together.
(3) In 1824, Yohei Hanaya of Edo (now called Tokyo) eliminated the fermentation process, and began serving fresh slices of seafood onbases of vinegared rice. The vinegar was probably used to mimic the taste of fermented sushi. In fact, the word sushi actually refers to any vinegared rice dish, and not to the fish, as many Americans believe (the fish is called sashimi). In Japanese, when sushi is combined with a modifier, it changes to the word zushi. Chef Yohei’s invention, called nigiri zushi, is still served today. It now refers to a slice of fish (cooked or uncooked) that is pressed by hand onto a serving of rice. Popular choices include ama ebi (raw shrimp), shime saba (marinated mackerel), and maguro (tuna). In addition to the vinegar flavor in the rice, nigiri zushi typically contains a taste of horseradish (wasabi), and is served with soy sauce for dipping. Maki zushi contains strips of fish or vegetables rolled in rice and wrapped in thin sheets of nori, or dried seaweed. Popular ingredients include smoked salmon, fresh crab, shrimp, octopus, raw clams, and sea urchin. Americans have invented many of their own maki zushi combinations, including the California roll, which contains imitation crabmeat and avocado. They have also made innovations in the construction of maki zushi. Some American sushi bars switch the placement of nori and rice, while others don’t use nori, and instead roll the maki zushiin fish roe. These colorful, crunchy eggs add to the visual and taste appeal of the dish.
Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1.According to the passage, what other food also gained popularity in the 1970s?
a. salads
b. pepperoni pizza
c. fried chicken
d. fast-food burgers
e. fried rice
2.What was Yohei Hanaya’s contribution to sushi?
a. He pressed the fish and rice together in a box.
b. He introduced the population of Edo to the dish.
c. He smoked the fish before putting it on vinegared rice.
d. He used wasabito flavor it.
e. He used raw fish.
3. The passage describes Americans’ sushiconsumption as
a. more than it was five years ago.
b. important when watching baseball.
c. taking place firstly in their homes.
d. a trend due to supermarket marketing.
e. beginning for many in college.
4. What happens when fish is pickled?
a. It becomes crisp.
b. It turns green.
c. It melts into the rice.
d. It is preserved.
e. It gets dry.
Задание 3.Найдите слова в тексте, которые:
1. начинается на букву “u” и означает distasteful (параграф 1);
2. начинается на букву “f” и означает power, energy (параграф 1);
3. начинается на букву “c” и означает use (параграф 2);
4. начинается на букву “c” и означает handy (параграф 2);
5. начинается на букву “f” и означает taste, smell (параграф 3).
Задание 4.Подберите антонимы к следующим словам из текста.
1. refuse,
2. change,
3. major,
4. include,
5. wrap.
Задание 5. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 6. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. In Japanese, when sushi is combined with a modifier, it changes to the word zushi.
2. Popular ingredients include smoked salmon, fresh crab, shrimp, octopus, raw clams, and sea urchin.
Задание 7.Подчеркните сказуемое в следующих предложениях, укажите видовременную форму, залог.
1. Sushi, the thousand-year-old Japanese delicacy, was once thought of in this country as unpalatable and too exotic.
2. The origins of this food trend may be found in Asia, where it was developed as a way of preserving fish.
3. In this type of sushi, the rice and fish are pressed together in a box, and are consumed together.
Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. TheNational Sushi Association reports that there are over 5,000 sushi bars in supermarkets, and that number is growing monthly.
2. Americans have invented many of their own maki zushicombinations, including the California roll, which contains imitation crabmeat and avocado.
Задание 9. Cоставьте 5 вопросов различного типа к любым предложениям из текста.
Задание 10.Изложите краткое содержание текста в 100 словах (артикли и предлоги считаются отдельными словами).
Вариант № 5
Задание 1. Перед чтением текста определите, какие из следующих слов ассоциируются с преимуществом, а какие с недостатком.
downside favor benefit drawback stumbling block
profit problem obstacle upside plus handicap
Задание 2.Прочтите текст и переведите четвертый абзац письменно.
ENERGY SOURCES: WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS
(1) The future for petroleum use now seems rather unclear, despite enjoying the main benefit of a very advanced infrastructure that already exists. The downsides from the environmental point of view are evident: harm to public health through carbon dioxide emissions in exhaust fumes, which are connected to respiratory problems, and to precious ecosystems from oil spills and leakage. But the most significant weakness is that oil is a finite resource.
(2) The situation with natural gas is also mixed. While its main strength is that it is a relatively clean and easily transportable via pipelines fuel which needs little processing, natural gas requires compression or low temperatures if it has to be used for cars or other vehicles. Thus, it has not previously been a serious contender to provide private transportation. However this obstacle may have been overcome.
(3) Yet there is another problem with natural gas. It may produce less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, but the major stumbling block to its usage is that the methane released lives in the atmosphere for a long time. In addition, as it is a non-renewable energy source like petroleum, in coming years natural gas will not be in use. But in the short term at least, the situation looks rosy.
(4) Ethanol, despite the drawback of a dearth of commercial outlets, heralds a new dawn for the energy market. Let us look at hydrogen. It is probably the most attractive of all renewable fuels. Its greatest appeal is that it is readily available everywhere in the form of water (H2O). Solar energy is used to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen and then recombine it, with water being the waste by-product in the form of steam in vehicles. Perhaps its main drawback is making the hydrogen production units small enough to fit cars. So the future of hydrogen is bright indeed.
Задание 3. Найдите слова в тексте, которые:
1. начинается на букву “b” и означает advantage, profit (параграф 1);
2. начинается на букву “p” и означает beforehand, in advance (параграф 2);
3. начинается на букву “p” и означает create, generate (параграф 3);
4. начинается на букву “d” и означает famine, lack (параграф 4);
5. начинается на букву “s” и означает burst, crash, divide (параграф 4).
Задание 4. Заполните таблицу в соответствии с содержанием текста. Используйте не более двух слов в каждом ответе.
| Types of fuel | Main advantage | Main disadvantage | Future |
| Petroleum | Very advanced infrastructure | 1. ….................. | Unclear |
| Natural Gas | Relatively clean | Produces 2. ….......... | 3. …........... |
| Ethanol | Not given | Lack of 4. …............ | Signals a 5. …........ |
| Hydrogen | 6. ….............. | Hydrogen production units for cars not small enough | 7. ….............. |
Задание 5. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 6. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. The situation with natural gas is also mixed.
2. Thus, it has not previously been a serious contender to provide private transportation.
Задание 7.Подчеркните сказуемое в следующих предложениях, укажите видовременную форму, залог.
1. The downsides from the environmental point of view are evident: harm to public health through carbon dioxide emissions in exhaust fumes, which are connected to respiratory problems, and to precious ecosystems from oil spills and leakage.
2. It may produce less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, but the major stumbling block to its usage is that the methane released lives in the atmosphere for a long time.
3. Solar energy is used to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen and then recombine it, with water being the waste by-product in the form of steam in vehicles.
Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. It may produce less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels.
2. Natural gas requires compression or low temperatures if it has to be used for cars or other vehicles.
Задание 9. Cоставьте 10 вопросов различного типа к любым предложениям из текста.
Задание 10.Изложите краткое содержание текста в 100 словах (артикли и предлоги считаются отдельными словами).
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ. ЧАСТЬ II
TEST 1
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