Контрольная работа № 1
1Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.
2 Выпишите из текста существительные в единственном числе и поставьте их во множественном числе.
3 Выпишите из текста предложные конструкции с предлогом of и переведите их на русский язык. Замените существительные с предлогом of существительными в притяжательном падеже.
4 Выпишите из текста прилагательные и наречия, переведите их на русский язык и образуйте степени сравнения.
5 Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, в которых употреблены местоимения. Укажите, к какой группе они относятся (личные, притяжательные, указательные, вопросительные, относительные).
6 Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы, запишите их основные формы и переведите их на русский язык.
7 Выпишите из текста предложения в Present Indefinite (Simple) и переведите их на русский язык. Напишите эти предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
8 Выпишите из текста предложения в Past или Future Indefinite (Simple) и переведите их на русский язык. Напишите эти предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
9 Поставьте глагол-сказуемое одного предложения из текста во все временные формы группы Indefinite в страдательном залоге, произведя все необходимые смысловые изменения.
Образец: The text is translated by the student.
The text was translated by the student yesterday.
The text will be translated by the student tomorrow.
10 Переведите письменно текст контрольной работы № 1 на русский язык. При переводе пользуйтесь англо-русским словарем.
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ТЕХТ 1
LIFE IN LONDON
We were met at the station by a comrade living in London in emigration, who had a fine knowledge of English. At first he acted as our guide, as we were in rather a hopeless position by ourselves. We thought we knew the English language, having even translated a whole book (the Webb's) from English into Russian, when we were in Siberia. I learnt English in prison from a self-instructor, but never heard a single word spoken. When we arrived in London, we found we could not understand a single word, and nobody understood us. We started going to all kinds of meetings. We stood in the front row and carefully studied the orator 's mouth. We went fairly often to Hyde Park where speakers addressed the passing crowds of different themes.
We learnt a great deal by listening to spoken English. Afterwards, we found two Englishmen who wanted to exchange lessons and began studying with them. He got to know the language fairly well.
We also studied London. We did not, however, visit the London museums, except the British Museum, where we spent much time. But there we were attracted not by the museum, but by the richest library in the world.
We studied living London. We loved to climb to the top of an omnibus and go on long rides about the town. We liked the movement of this big commercial city. The quiet squares, the rich homes with their shining windows and green lawns, and near them the dirty little streets, inhabited by the London working people. In such districts we went on foot, and seeing these striking contrasts in richness and poverty, we would matter through clenched teeth and in English: "Two nations!"
(From Reminiscences of V. 1.L Lenin by
N. K. Krupskaya)
Questions
1) Did they know English well when they arrived in London?
2) In what way did they begin studying the English language?
3) Why did they like to visit the British Museum?
4) How did they study living London?
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Note
1) self-instructor - самоучитель
TEXT 2
SPECIAL EDUCATION
The education of handicappedchildren in Russia is a part of the state educational system. A few months after the Great October Socialist Revolution, the state took upon itself the care of handicapped children.
On December 10, 1919, in a decree signed by V. I. Lenin, the Council of People's Commissars determined the functions of the various People's Commissariats in regard to the education and medical care of physically and mentally handicapped children. In accordance with this decision, retarded children were to be cared for and educated in the so-called auxiliary schools, while blind, deaf and physically handicapped children were to attend corresponding special schools of the People's Commissariat of Education.
In time, a unified system for bringing up and educating handicapped children was created. This network of special establishments has been under constant improvement.
At present blind children and those with severely impaired eyesight receive a complete secondary education in the course of 12 years of study. Deaf and 2nd division hard of hearing pupils are given the same period to acquire the curriculum of the eight-year secondary education, while 1st division hard of hearing children accomplish the programme of the ordinary ten-year secondary school in 12 years.
There are special evening secondary schools for working adults who are blind, partially sighted, or deaf or hard of hearing. Auxiliary schools (for mentally retarded children) with an eight-year term of study provide an elementary education and the children vocational training.
There are also special secondary schools for children with disturbances of motor function and a special school for children who are multiply handicapped.
Preschool establishments for the deaf and hard of hearing, the blind, the mentally retarded and children with speech defects have been developing successfully in the past decades.
Prior to entering school all children who have reached six years of age must have a thorough medical examination by a team of specialists at their district children's polyclinics. This examination is compulsory for every child entering school. Children who have serious defects of vision, hearing or speech and who will find studying in a normal school too difficult are referred to a special school.
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(From A Guide to English Scfiools by
Turrell Burgess)
Questions
1) What steps in regard to the education of handicapped children did the state take after the Great October Revolution?
2) What kinds of schools were established for this purpose?
3) What system of special education is developed at present?
4) Is medical examination compulsory for every child entering school?
Notes
1) handicapped - зд. страдающие недостатками (физическими или
умственными)
2) in accordance with - в соответствии с
3) retarded (children) - умственно отсталые (дети)
4) auxiliary school - вспомогательная школа
5) 2nd division hard of hearing - 2-я степень глухоты
6) motor function - двигательная функция
TEXT 3
CHILDREN'S THEATRES
A new type of theatre was born in the country: the children's theatre. At present over twenty million schoolchildren attend performances at children's theatres annually.
The theatres play an important role in the ideological and aesthetic education of children. Their productions touch upon the most burning problems of today; they present a truthful and realistic picture of life in modern times, they stage plays about the heroic past, shaping the child's aesthetic tastes.
The theatres are most influential in helping the schools to instil in the pupils an interest in and appreciation of literature's classical heritage. The theatres have a definite tradition in staging classical plays. There are special means of helping the school in the study of these plays after the children have attended a performance. Each theatre has its own thematic plan. Thus the Saratov Children's Theatre builds its classical repertoire according to a main theme: young people of times now past. Its classical repertoire includes The Insulted and Humiliated by Dostoevsky, A Profitable Position by Ostrovsky, Three Sisters by Chekhov and Shakespeare's Hamlet. The Moscow Central Children's Theatre's repertoire includes Dead Souls by Gogol, Boris Godunov by Pushkin and a stage version of Dickens' Oliver Twist.
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Younger children prefer puppet shows. Here they are introduced to the treasures of folk and fairy tales of the peoples of Russia and the world. The State Puppet Theatre is actually an artistic and methodological centre for all of the country's puppet theatres.
The work of the children's theatres is closely linked to the schools. Every theatre has an educational section staffed by pedagogues. They take part in organizing school theatricals, drama clubs and special theatrical concerts; in a word, they help to bring the theatres directly to the schools.
Questions
1) What role does the children's theatre play in the ideological education of children?
2) How do theatres help the schools to instil in children an interest in literature's classical heritage?
3) Why is the State Puppet Theatre an artistic and methodological centre for all other puppet theatres?
4) In what way is the work of the children's theatres linked to the schools?
Notes
1) instil - внушать
2) The Insulted and Humiliated — «Униженные и оскорбленные»
3) A Profitable Position — «Доходное место»
TEXT 4
GREAT BRITAIN
The British Isles lying off the north-western coast of the continent of Europe are composed of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a number of small islands. The official title of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The United Kingdom includes England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, the southern and central part of the island, forms the main part of the entire country. Wales lies on the mountainous peninsula in the west. Politically Wales is a part of England and has no independent government. Scotland is in the northern part of the island. Its original inhabitants are of Celtic origin. In the past Scotland was an independent kingdom and up to the present time maintains certain autonomy. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom as an autonomous region with its own Parliament.
Great Britain is surrounded by water. It has an insular climate. The summers are cooler and the winters are warmer than in central Europe. The warm Gulf Stream washes the coasts of the British Isles and gives the country a mild climate. The climate on the continent is not so mild as that of England. The best season is spring. In the lovely month of May the weather is the finest.
The insular climate is also moister than the continental climate. It rains very often in England. In London, for instance, it rains more than a hundred and eighty days in the year, and in winter the brown London fog comes very often. The London fog "as thick as peasoup" 3 is an extraordinary thing.
Questions
1) What parts does Great Britain consist of?
2) What are the main islands of Great Britain?
3) Which season is the best in England?
4) Does it often rain in England?
Notes
1) insular - островной
2) the Gulf Stream - Гольфстрим
3) "as thick as peasoup" - «густой, как гороховый суп»
TEXT 5
NATURE'S BUILDING BLOCKS
What are atoms?
Over two thousand years ago, about 400 B.C., the Greek philosopher Democritus tried to figure out what the world is made up of and how it came to be the way it is. He came to the conclusion that all things are made up of tiny particles, too small to be seen. There are many kinds, he thought, and they are always moving about, sometimes combining, and sometimes separating again.
Democritus deserves tremendous credit for giving us this theory. In the past people believed in many ideas which new knowledge and experience later proved false.1 But all the discoveries of science in over two thousand years of work and study show that Democritus was right.
Investigations by chemists have shown that every chemical compound, such as salt or water, is made up of many tiny particles called molecules. In solids and liquids they are packed closely together. In gases they are spread out thin, with big spaces separating the molecules from each other. Each molecule in a compound is the same as all the other molecules in the same compound, but it is different from the molecules in other compounds. Since there are thousands of different compounds, there are thousands of different kinds of molecules, ranging from simple ones, like the molecules of salt or water, to very complicated ones found only in living things.
Further study has shown that the molecules themselves are made up of still smaller particles known as atoms. Although there are thousands of different molecules, there are only 103 different kinds of atoms. These 103 different kinds of atoms, known as the chemical elements, are the building blocks out of which all material things are made.
(From The Outline of Man's Knowledge
By Clement Wood)
Questions
1) What is the world made up of according to Democritus?
2)Did his theory prove right?
3) When and where did Democritus live?
4) What is every chemical compound made up of according to modern science?
Note
1) proved false — оказались ошибочными
TEXT 6
TAJ MAHAL
One of the sights of India is the tomb of the emperor Shah Jehan and his favourite queen. The tomb is the Taj Mahal. Its name means "gem of buildings".
The Taj Mahal is in Agra, India. It was built between three and four centuries ago.
A legend tells that the queen, who was called Mumtaz-i-Mahal, first saw this building in a dream. She saw it so clearly that she remembered it after she wakened. She told the emperor about it and he set to work at once to have it built. No one knows whether the story of the dream is true. We do know that an army: of workmen spent 22 years in building the Taj Mahal.
The tomb is tall. The tip of the dome reaches as high as an 18-storeyed building. The whole building is of white marble. In places the marble has been carved so that it looks like lace. Inside there is much carving. There is more of the marble lace. In addition, parts of the Koran, the sacred book of the Moslems, have been carved on the walls. In other places the walls are covered with flower designs. Coloured stones such as jasper1 and cornelian2 are set in the white stone.
The building would not be so beautiful if it were not in such a beautiful setting. Much of the ground around is paved with red sandstone. There are pools of quiet water that reflect the dome and the slender towers. Round about there is a beautiful garden.
Many people think that the Taj Mahal is the most beautiful build ing in-the whole world.
Questions
1) Where and when was the Taj Mahal built?
2) What does a legend tell?
3) How many years did an army of workmen spend in building the Taj Mahal?
4) What does the building of the Taj Mahal look like?
5) What can you say about a setting of the Taj Mahal?
Notes
1) jasper - яшма
2) cornelian – сердолик
TEXT 7
SWIMMING
Many animals can swim without being taught how. People are not so fortunate. They have to learn to swim. But it is very much worthwhile to learn to swim for three reasons: swimming is fun. It is a good exercise for building strong bodies. And being able to swim takes away most of the danger from boating, water skiing, and other water sports. There are four styles of sports swimming: freestyle (crawl), backstroke,1 breaststroke" and butterfly.
Swimming is so popular that many public swimming pools have been built. Many public beaches have been set up.
Swimming is one of the sports that make up the Olympic games. Swimmers from all over the world compete in these games.
Itmayseem strange that swimming was not included in ancientOlympic games, though people had known it long ago: Both in ancient Greece and Rome swimming was as important as reading. Soldiers often sailed to other lands and fought on seas too. They were taught swimming for life-saving.
As a sport swimming was practised in Japan. There swimming contests were held before the new era. Since-the 17th century it has been taught in schools. But the Japanese did not let foreigners into their country. That is why it were Europeans who developed swimming and made it a sport.
One of the earliest swimming competitions in Europe was held in 1515 in Venice. In 1538, the first swimming handbook was published. First swimming schools began to appear in the end of the 18th century. Swimmers trained and contested mostly in rivers, ponds and lakes, which was only possible in summer. In the 19th century covered pools appeared and swimming became very popular.
Many countries organized national swimming championships, and the first European championship was held in 1890. Six years later, swimming became the Olympic sport and in 1908 the International Swimming Federation was formed. Oddly enough, the first world championship was only held in 1973, or 65 years later!
Swimming as a sport was not popular in Russia. Training and competitions were only possible in summer and sportsmen could not achieve good results. The first swimming competitions in Russia were held in 1913 in Kiev.
Things changed after the Revolution. Swimming schools opened in Moscow in the 20s. And in the 30s first covered pools were built. Swimmers could train all the year round and they did well.
Regular swimming championships of Russia have been held since 1928. And since 1947 our swimmers have been taking part in international competitions. Many of them have achieved good results and set new records. Among them are G. Prozumenshchikova (Stepanova), S. Babanina, V. Bure, V. Salnikov and others.
Questions
1) Why is it worthwhile to learn to swim?
2) How many styles are there in swimming?
3) Where was swimming practised as a sport?
4) When did swimming become very popular?
5) Was swimming as a sport popular in Russia?
6) What famous swimmers do you know?
Notes
1) backstroke - плавание на спине
2) breaststroke - брасс, плавание брассом
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