Decide which word or phrase is correct.
Екзаменац i йн i матер i али
РТФ
І V курс
Variant 1
Task 1
I. Listen to the text:
Electronics in the home
Electronics began at the start of the twentieth century with the invention of the vacuum tube. The first devices for everyday use were radios, followed by televisions, record players and tape recorders. These devices were large and used a lot of power.
The invention of the transistor in 1947 meant that much smaller, low-powered devices could be developed. A wide variety of electronic devices such as hi-fi units and portable radios became common in the home.
It was not until 1958 that microelectronics began with the development of ICs (integrated circuits) on silicon chips. This led to a great increase inthe use of electronics in everyday items. The introduction of the microprocessor allowed electronics to be used for the control of many common processes.
Microprocessors are now used to control many household items such as automatic washing-machines, dishwashers, central heating systems, sewing machines, and food processors. Electronic timers are found in digital alarm clocks, water heaters, electric cookers, and microwave ovens. Telephones use electronics to provide automatic dialling and answerphone facilities. New entertainment devices have been developed, such as video recorders and CD (compact disc) players.
In the future, electronics are likely to become even more common in the home as multimedia entertainment systems and computer-controlled robots are developed.
II. Say whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Electronics began at the start of the nineteenth century.
2. The first radios, televisions, record players and tape recorders were large and used a lot of power.
3. Microelectronics began with the development of a vacuum tube.
4. The introduction of the microprocessor allowed electronics to be used for the control of many common processes.
5. New entertainment devices have been developed, such as video recorders and CD (compact disc) players.
III. Complete the sentences:
1. Electronics began at the start of the twentieth century with the invention of …...
2. The invention of the transistor in 1947 meant that much ……
3. Microprocessors are now used to control many household items such as ……
4. Electronic timers are found in ……
5. Telephones use electronics to provide ……
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Variant 1
Task 1
Answer keys
II. 1. –
2. +
3. –
4. +
5. +
III. 1. …… the vacuum tube.
2. …… smaller, low-powered devices could be developed.
3. …… automatic washing-machines, dishwashers, central heating systems, sewing machines, and food processors.
4. …… digital alarm clocks, water heaters, electric cookers, and microwave ovens.
5. …… automatic dialling and answerphone facilities.
Variant 1
Task 2
Variant 1
Task 2
I. Read and translate the text.
The Integrated Chip
1. The transistors are the main part in the integrated chip. The concept behind an integrated chip is relatively simple: an entire electrical circuit with numerous transistors, wires, and other electrical devices all built into a single square of silicon. These chips are smaller than a centimeter-by-centimeter square, yet then can hold millions of transistors. If one person sat down to build all those miniscule parts and then connect them, it would take a whole year. But companies turn out several million integrated chips every few second - that's about the time it took you to read this sentence.
2. The reason integrated chips are possible at all is because engineers learned ways to build layers, making millions of transistors across the chip all at the same time. The first deas on how to build the chips were developed by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in 1958, and they've been developed further over the years.
3. The chip is built upwards, layer by layer. Each layer is made by putting masks with particular patterns over the silicon and then altering the qualities of the silicon - or perhaps putting down metal or insulators - in the exposed parts.
4. The chip is made out of a semiconductor crystal. The chip starts out as a thin wafer of p-type silicon. This is then coated with a layer of silicon dioxide - kind of a silicon rust, which doesn't conduct electricity. On top of this is placed a chemical called photoresist. Flashing a pattern of light (like the grid of light and dark that's formed by a window screen) on the photoresist turn any parts exposed to the light hard. The bits left in shadow stay soft. Then an etching chemical is applied those soft parts, and the silicon dioxide underneath them, are removed. The hard photoresist is then dissolved, leaving a pattern of raised silicon dioxide along the surface. Since the silicon dioxide doesn't conduct electricity, it keeps different parts of the final circuit separated from others.
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5. Following the same method, a pattern of polysilicon (which does conduct electricity and is part of the transistor) is added. Then, again using projected photoresist masks, areas of the chip are doped to become n-type silicon, another crucial part of a transistor. Lastly, metal leads are added to connect the various components on the chip.
6. Since the chips are so small, hundreds are made on a single silicon wafer at once. After all the patterns have been faithfully reproduced on to the chips, the wafer is sliced up into individual chips.
II. Choose the right answer:
Example:What’s the chip made out of?
a) photoresist;
b) transistor;
c) semiconductor crystal;
d) thin wafer of p-type silicone.
1. What devices are built into a single square of silicon?
a) transformers;
b) transistor and wires;
c) grids;
d) pick up devices.
2. What is the reason integrated chips are possible?
a) ways to transmit images;
b) ways to transmit sounds;
c) ways to build layers;
d) ways to explain results.
3. When were the first ideas on how to build the chips developed?
a) in 1958;
b) in 1858;
c) in 1970;
d) in 2000.
4. How is the chip built?
a) by adding metal leads;
b) up and away;
c) above;
d) upwards.
5. What is each layer made by?
a) by flashing a pattern of light;
b) by using projected photoresist masks;
c) by putting masks with particular patterns;
d) by conducting electricity.
Variant 1
Task 2
Answer keys
II. 1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. c
Variant 1
Task 3
Grammar Test
Test A
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1. It is very unsafe to walk alone in these streets … it is too dark to realize crimes.
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a) when
b) until
c) by the time
d) if
2. Can you please … my web site just before I publish it?
a) take over
b) go through
c) set out
d) look up
3) Peter woke up late and wasn’t … to avoid his boss in the office.
a) punctual enough
b) as much punctual
c) too punctual as
d) so much punctual that
4. A cold wind … for the last three days.
a) blew
b) was blowing
c) has blown
d) has been blowing
5. As soon as you … that, I’d like you to go to bed.
a) did
b) will do
c) will have done
d) do
6. Detroit … Motown in the past.
a) had been called
b) has been called
c) was called
d) is called
7. Soon you … how to do it.
a) are shown
b) are being shown
c) will be shown
d) were shown
8. He usually keeps lights on, but now they are off. He … at home.
a) needn’t to be
b) must not be
c) can’t be
d) shouldn’t be
9. We’ve got plenty of time. We … to hurry.
a) must not
b) need not
c) could not
d) may not
10. That woman is still sitting. She seems. .over an hour.
a) to wait
b) to be waiting
c) to have been waiting
d) to have waited
11. We can’t help … knowledgeable and industrious people.
a) to admire
b) admiring
c) being admired
d) having admired
12. … the film at least a dozen times, he knew it almost be heart.
a) having seen
b) having been seen
c) being seen
d) seeing
13. I knew Linda … around Europe for three months already.
a) was travelling
b) had been travelling
c) had travelled
d) travelled
14. Ann begged me not to tell her father what … earlier that day.
a) happen
b) had happened
c) would happen
d) happened
15. Herald … us Christmas greetings if he knew our address in Glasgow.
a) would send
b) would have sent
c) sent
d) have sent
Test B
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1. There is a great storm yesterday, … youth-marathone had to be postponed.
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a) because
b) yet
c) however
d) so
2. Paul is very smart; in fact he is … boy among his classmates.
a) more intelligent
b) the most intelligent
c) as intelligent
d) much intelligent
3. I always feel positive … the start of the week.
a) in
b) at
c) on
d) of
4. Who … in this house before they pulled it down?
a) was living
b) lived
c) had lived
d) had been living
5. Zeta has sent me two letters; neither of which …
a) have arrived
b) arrive
c) is arriving
d) has arrived
6. This is a large hall. Many parties … here.
a) are held
b) are being held
c) has been held
d) have been held
7. This dictionary … a week ago.
a) published
b) is published
c) was published
d) has been published
8.You look tired. You … to bed.
a) must
b) would
c) should
d) could
9. Jack … go to hospital yesterday.
a) must
b) should
c) had to
d) has to
10. The children were not allowed … noisy games indoors.
a) play
b) to play
c) to be playing
d) be playing
11. I am sorry I have forgotten … you my textbook. Can I have it back?
a) lending
b) lend
c) to lend
d) having lent
12. I don’t really see what can be done about the … picture.
a) having been ruined
b) being ruined
c) ruined
d) have ruined
13. Mark replied he didn’t think Jane … by the following Sunday yet.
a) would have arrived
b) would arrive
c) had arrived
d) will arrive
14. Did you say … very early the following morning?
a) you would have to get up
b) would you have to get up
c) will you have to get up
d) you will have to get up
15. She started to sob and it looked as if her heart …
a) broke
b) would break
c) had broken
d) was broken
Test C
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1. I will go to the concert, but … you go as well.
a) only if
b) unless
c) only but
d) as if
2. I had meal … the train.
a) in
b) at
c) on
d) with
3. Ben doesn’t work very hard; Bill works …
a) the hardest
b) more harder
c) harder
d) the most hardest
4. It is too late to telephone Tom now. I think I … him in the morning.
a) will have called
b) am going to call
c) will be calling
d) will call
5. Alan … out almost every day last year, but now he can’t afford it.
a) has eaten
b) used
c) was eating
d) ate
6. … you help me carry this downstairs?
a) should
b) must
c) could
d) may
7. I’ll … go now. My friends are waiting.
a) must
b) have to
c) need
d) be able to
8. My accidents … by dangerous driving.
a) caused
b) are caused
c) have been caused
d) had been caused
9. This situation is serious. Something must … before it’s too late.
a) do
b) be done
c) have done
d) have been done
10. Did you watch … over that wall?
a) the boys to climb
b) the boys climb
c) the boys to be climbing
d) the boys be climbing
11. I would like … you for dinner some time.
a) invite
b) to invite
c) inviting
d) having invited
12. Money … on the brain is never spent in vain.
a) spent
b) being spent
c) spending
d) having spent
13. Could you ask Alex how long … at the hotel “Grandstone”?
a) would have been staying
b) he would be staying
c) would he be staying
d) will be staying
14. Alice told me … that coat because it wasn’t long enough.
a) bought
b) to buy
c) not buying
d) not to buy
15.Paul is as cool as cucumber. It is strange that he … in the fight.
a) should have got involved
b) should get involved
c) got involved
d) get involved
Test D
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1. Jane hurt her ankle, … she can’t attend her swimming lessons for a while.
a) for
b) anyway
c) but
d) so
2. My car was being checked at that time; as a result he … me … to work.
a) picked up
b) turned on
c) got off
d) made up
3. The dog started to run. It ran … and soon disappeared in the distance.
a) faster and faster
b) the faster and the faster
c) the fastest
d) faster
4. he didn’t see me as he was reading when I … into the room.
a) had come
b) came
c) had been coming
d) was coming
5. By the time you come home you … everything I have told you.
a) will have forgotten
b) will forget
c) will be forgetting
d) have forgotten
6. A cinema is a place where films …
a) shown
b) be shown
c) are shown
d) to show
7. have you heard the news? The president …!
a) has shot
b) shot
c) will be shot
d) has been shot
8. I understand it very well. You … explain it further.
a) shouldn’t
b) wouldn’t
c) mustn’t
d) needn’t
9. She … help you tomorrow.
a) could
b) will be able to
c) will can
d) is able to
10. Everything comes to him who knows how …
a) to have waited
b) to be waiting
c) to have been waiting
d) to wait
11. I am sorry … having broken my promise.
a) of
b) for
c) about
d) as for
12. Anna’s spirit though … wasn’t broken.
a) crushed
b) crushing
c) being crushed
d) having crushed
13. My English teacher wanted to know … doing in my spare time.
a) what did I enjoy
b) what I enjoyed
c) what I had enjoyed
d) what I enjoy
14. Mary warned her parents that … home late that night.
a) came
b) had come
c) come
d) would come
15. The flowers would grow much better if you … them regularly.
a) watered
b) water
c) had watered
d) watered
Test E.
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1.… the high decrease in inflation, our currency seems to have increased in value.
a) despite
b) as far as
c) thanks to
d) however
2. Richard got … good marks than Fred in the exams.
a) less
b) least
c) few
d) fewer
3) You have to be … least 18 to vote.
a) in
b) at
c) on
d) to
4. Sara, my next door neighbour, has a car, but she … it very often.
a) isn’t using
b) hasn’t used
c) don’t use
d) doesn’t use
5. Suddenly they heard a very strange noise and … at each other in horror.
a) were looking
b) looked
c) had looked
d) had been looking
6. He … responsible for the accident.
a) is holding
b) has been held
c) is held
d) was held
7. When I came to the party, John … home.
a) had already been gone.
b) had already gone
c) was gone
d) is being gone
8. It was the principle of the tiling. People … to keep their words.
a) should
b) need to
c) have
d) ought
9. Lisa … get bored in her job. Her job is so boring.
a) must
b) should
c) would
d) can’t
10. Greg’s wife gave him a long list of things … at the supermarket.
a) to be bought
b) to have been bought
c) to buy
d) to have bought
11. Adam offered … for me tonight because he saw that I felt awful.
a) to work
b) working
c) work
d) worked
12. … to see as much as possible of the town, we hired a car.
a) having wished
b) wished
c) wishing
d) having been wished
13. David told his friend that … his bicycle whenever he liked.
a) might he use
b) he might use
c) he had used
d) may he use
14. Wanda complained to me that the children … very naughty that evening.
a) had been
b) were
c) will be
d) have been
15. We wouldn’t have gone to that restaurant if we … its prices.
a) had known
b) knew
c) know
d) have known
Keys to tests.
Test A:
1-a, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d, 5-d, 6-b, 7-c, 8-b, 9-b, 10-c, 11-b, 12-a, 13-b, 14-b, 15-a.
Test B:
1-d, 2-b, 3-b, 4-c, 5-d, 6-a, 7-c, 8-c, 9-c, 10-a, 11-a, 12-c, 13-a, 14-a, 15-a.
Test C:
1-a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-d, 5-d, 6-c, 7-b, 8-c, 9-b, 10-c, 11-c, 12-a, 13-b, 14-d, 15-b.
Test D:
1-d, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b, 5-b, 6-b, 7-d, 8-a, 9-b, 10-d, 11-b, 12-b, 13-b, 14-d, 15-b.
Test E:
1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d, 5-b, 6-d, 7-b, 8-d, 9-a, 10-a, 11-c, 12-c, 13-b, 14-a, 15-a.
.
Variant 1
Task 4
Write an application letter (resume).
Variant 1
Task 5
Variant 1
Task 5
1. What questions do you think an interviewer and applicant could ask at a job interview?
Write down 3 of the interviewer’s and 3 of the applicant’s questions.
2. Imagine that you are making a presentation at the International Conference in London.
Give a 5 minute report on industrial development in Ukraine.
3. You are telling your fellow-students what scientific research you are now working at.
Much of researches still remain undone but your time is up because you have to make a report in 2 weeks. Share your concern with your fellow-students and tell them about your plans in the nearest future.
4. You have received an invitation to an International Conference “Innovations in Ukrainian Science and Engineering.”
Give a 5 minutes report on “Science in Ukraine past, present and future.”
5. KPI as the cradle of inquiring minds in Science and Engineering.
6. Why did you choose this speciality?
7. We can’t imagine our life without computers.
8. You take part in the International Conference dedicated to “European language year.”
Inform your colleagues about it.
9. You take part in an International Conference.
Make a report about the ecological problems in Ukraine.
1. What questions do you think an interviewer and applicant could ask at a job interview?
Write down 3 of the interviewer’s and 3 of the applicant’s questions.
1) What should you bring for interview?
2) Is it O.K. to write incorrect information on your CV to make it look better?
3) Is it O.K. to go to an interview without a record of former employment?
4) Should you learn ahead of time about the company and its product before you go to an interview?
5) Should you apply for a job in person?
2. Imagine that you are making a presentation at the International Conference in London.
Give a 5 minute report on industrial development in Ukraine.
1) What is Ukraine famous for?
2) What are the most developed branches of industry in Ukraine?
3) What industrial goods does Ukraine import?
4) What are the prospects for the development of Ukrainian industry?
3. You are telling your fellow-students what scientific research you are now working at.
Much of researches still remain undone but your time is up because you have to make a report in 2 weeks. Share your concern with your fellow-students and tell them about your plans in the nearest future.
1) In what field of science do you carry on your researches?
2) What have you already done?
3) What achievements have been made in this field of science?
4) Why is this very branch of science of great interest to you?
5) What difficulties have arisen during your research?
4. You have received an invitation to an International Conference “Innovations in Ukrainian Science and Engineering.”
Give a 5 minutes report on “Science in Ukraine past, present and future.”
1) Where and when this conference is to be held?
2) Whether the problems on the conference programme are within the scope of your interests.
3) How long have you been working at your research?
4) What new ideas, trends and technologies in Ukrainian science have you got acquainted with at this conference?
5) How do you see the future of Ukrainian science?
5. KPI as the cradle of inquiring minds in Science and Engineering.
1) What makes it worth trying to become a student of the KPI?
2) Which constituent of good engineering education is moor important-practical experience or theoretical knowledge?
3) How is the history of the KPI connected with its present?
4) Do you know how large is the range of specialties one can currently obtain in the KPI?
5) What would you do if you were appointed the principal of the KPI?
6. Why did you choose this speciality?
1) Why did you decide to do for a degree in Engineering?
2) What do you find the most interesting in mastering your speciality?
3) What subject would you definitely like to have in your timetable? Why?
4) Are there any challenges in the field of … engineering that are urgent to take?
5) Does the occupation of … engineer require having some special streaks of personality?
7. We can’t imagine our life without computers.
1) When did you first(ly) use computer?
2) What do you know about the size of the first generation's computers?
3) What were the first computers used for?
4) What kind of computer do you have and what do you use it for?
5) What do you think about the fixture of computers?
8. You take part in the International Conference dedicated to “European language year.”
Inform your colleagues about it.
1) Why is English spoken all over the world?
2) How can you use English in your career?
3) Why is it so important to know foreign language if you want to get a good job?
4) Where can you improve your English?
5) Do you use English in your research work?
9. You take part in an International Conference.
Make a report about the ecological problems in Ukraine.
1) What cities of Ukraine is air pollution especially severe?
2) What do you know about water pollution in Ukraine?
3) What causes climate change?
4) How will climate change in future?
5) What organizations which work in the field of environmental protection do you know?
Variant 2
Task 1
Variant 2
Task 1
I. Listen to the text:
FROM THE HISTORY OF TRANSISTORS
Scientists have invented very many electron devices serving us in various ways. Electronic (vacuum) valves are wonderful devices which serve to do jobs in radio and TV sets, in radars, for controlling manufacturing processes etc.
Still while using the mentioned vacuum valves scientists have noticed some drawbacks. They waste a good deal of electricity. One of the elements, the filament, is heated to such a degree that it gives off electrons. This heating requires electricity and produces unwanted heat. Scientists realized the drawbacks of electronic valves and began to search for other ways of doing the jobs that valves had done. Soon a new device, the transistor, appeared. It was so small that you had to look carefully to see it.
In recent years the art of semiconductor engineering has reached such a state of development that it rapidly replaces electron valves, previously considered the heart of modern radio.
For a long time had been no well-founded semiconductor theory although many cases of practical approach to the development of semiconductor circuits were recorded. The research carried out in 1922 by the engineer O.V. Losev was of great interest because his work showed that a semiconductor (a crystal) could be used as a generator of electromagnetic oscillations.
The engineers had designed a special crystal receiver and it showed its much higher sensitivity.
Semiconductor triodes, or transistors are at present widely used in various amplifiers, receivers, oscillators and countless electronic devices. Some transistors can replace electronic valves hundreds of times their size. Transistors need far less current and produce far less heat than comparable electronic valves. They are made of small germanium or silicon crystals.
II. Say whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Electronic (vacuum) valves serve to do jobs in radio and TV sets, in radars, for controlling manufacturing processes etc.
2. They waste poor deal of electricity.
3. Heating requires electricity and produces unwanted heat.
4. Losev’s research showed that a semiconductor could be used as an amplifier.
5. Transistors need far less current and produce far less heat than comparable electronic valves.
III. Complete the sentences:
1. While using the mentioned vacuum valves scientists have noticed …
2. The filament is heated to such a degree that it …
3. The engineers had designed a special crystal receiver and it showed…
4. Some transistors can replace electronic valves hundred of times…
5. Transistors are made of…
Variant 2
Task 1
Listening
Answer keys
II.
1.+
2.-
3.+
4.-
5.+
III.
1. …some drawbacks.
2. …gives off electrons.
3. …its much higher sensitivity.
4. …their size.
5. …small germanium or silicon crystals.
Variant 2
Task 2
Variant 2
Task 2
I. Read and translate the text:
Diodes
1. A diode is one of the important parts of the integrated circuit. A diode, or "rectifier", is any device through which electricity can flow in only one direction. The first diodes were crystals used as rectifiers in home radio kits. A weak radio signal was fed into the crystal through a very fine wire called a cat's whisker. The crystal removed the high frequency radio carrier signal, allowing the part of the signal with the audio information to come through loud and clear. The crystal was filled with impurities, making some sections more resistant to electrical flow than others. Using the radio required positioning the cat's whiskers over the right kind of impurity to get electricity to flow through the crystal to the output below it.
2. At the time, though, no one really understood about the impurities - then in 1939 Russell Ohl accidentally discovered that it was the boundary between sections of different purity that made the crystal work. Now that the way they work is understood, manufacturers make crystal diodes that work much more consistently than the ones in those original radio kits.
3. A crystal diode is made of two different types of semiconductors right next to each other. One side is easy for electrons to travel through: one side is much tougher. It's something like trying to swim through a pool filled with water and then a pool filled with mud: swimming through water is easy; swimming through mud is next to impossible. To an electron some semiconductors seem like water, some like mud.
4. One side of the semiconductor boundary is like mud, one like water. If you try to get electricity to move from the mud side to the water side, there's no problem. The electrons just jump across the boundary, forming a current. But try to make electricity go the other way and nothing will happen. Electrons that didn't have to work hard to travel around the water side just don't have enough energy to make it into the mud side. (In real life, there are always a few electrons that can trickle in the wrong direction, but not enough to make a big difference).
5. This boundary has turned out to be crucial for all daily lives. Diodes change the alternating current that comes from your wall outlet into the direct current that most appliances need. And transistors need two such boundaries to work.
II. Choose the right answer.
Example: What is a crystal diode made of?
a) two different types of semiconductors;
b) three different types of semiconductors;
c) impurities;
d) alloys.
1. What is a cat's whisker?
a) a weak radio signal;
b) a very fine wire;
c) an integrated circuit;
d) a rectifier.
2. What are the substances making some sections more resistant to electrical flow than others?
a) impurities;
b) etching chemicals;
c) silicon;
d) masks with particular patterns.
3. What makes the crystal work?
a) a cat's whisker;
b) an electrical flow;
c) a boundary between section of different purity;
d) a radio signal.
4. What do electrons do in real life?
a) jump across the boundary;
b) don't have to work hard to travel around the water side;
c) don't have enough energy to travel into the mud side;
d) can trickle in the wrong direction.
5. What do diodes change?
a) alternating current into the direct current;
b) boundaries between sections;
c) types of semiconductors;
d) high frequency radio carrier signal.
Variant 2
Task 2
Answer keys
II. 1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d
5. a
Variant 2
Task 3
Grammar Test
Test A
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1. It is very unsafe to walk alone in these streets … it is too dark to realize crimes.
a) when
b) until
c) by the time
d) if
2. Can you please … my web site just before I publish it?
a) take over
b) go through
c) set out
d) look up
3) Peter woke up late and wasn’t … to avoid his boss in the office.
a) punctual enough
b) as much punctual
c) too punctual as
d) so much punctual that
4. A cold wind … for the last three days.
a) blew
b) was blowing
c) has blown
d) has been blowing
5. As soon as you … that, I’d like you to go to bed.
a) did
b) will do
c) will have done
d) do
6. Detroit … Motown in the past.
a) had been called
b) has been called
c) was called
d) is called
7. Soon you … how to do it.
a) are shown
b) are being shown
c) will be shown
d) were shown
8. He usually keeps lights on, but now they are off. He … at home.
a) needn’t to be
b) must not be
c) can’t be
d) shouldn’t be
9. We’ve got plenty of time. We … to hurry.
a) must not
b) need not
c) could not
d) may not
10. That woman is still sitting. She seems. .over an hour.
a) to wait
b) to be waiting
c) to have been waiting
d) to have waited
11. We can’t help … knowledgeable and industrious people.
a) to admire
b) admiring
c) being admired
d) having admired
12. … the film at least a dozen times, he knew it almost be heart.
a) having seen
b) having been seen
c) being seen
d) seeing
13. I knew Linda … around Europe for three months already.
a) was travelling
b) had been travelling
c) had travelled
d) travelled
14. Ann begged me not to tell her father what … earlier that day.
a) happen
b) had happened
c) would happen
d) happened
15. Herald … us Christmas greetings if he knew our address in Glasgow.
a) would send
b) would have sent
c) sent
d) have sent
Test B
Decide which word or phrase is correct.
1. There is a great storm yesterday, … youth-marathone had to be postponed.
a) because
b) yet
c) however
d) so
2. Paul is very smart; in fact he is … boy among his classmates.
a) more intelligent
b) the most intelligent
c) as intelligent
d) much intelligent
3. I always feel positive … the start of the week.
a) in
b) at
c) on
d) of
4. Who … in this house before they pulled it down?
a) was living
b) lived
c) had lived
d) had been living
5. Zeta has sent me two letters; neither of which …
a) have arrived
b) arrive
c) is arriving
d) has arrived
6. This is a large hall. Many parties … here.
a) are held
b) are being held
c) has been held
d) have been held
7. This dictionary … a week ago.
a) published
b) is published
c) was published
d) has been published
8.You look tired. You … to bed.
a) must
b) would
c) should
d) could
9. Jack … go to hospital yesterday.
a) must
b) should
c) had to
d) has to
10. The children were not allowed … noisy games indoors.
a) play
b) to play
c) to be playing
d) be playing
11. I am sorry I have forgotten … you my textbook. Can I have it back?
a) lending
b) lend
c) to lend
d) having lent
12. I don’t really see what can be done about the … picture.
a) having been ruined
b) being ruined
c) ruined
d) have ruined
13. Mark replied he didn’t think Jane … by the following Sunday yet.
a) would have arrived
b) would arrive
c) had arrived
d) will arrive
14. Did you say … very early the following morning?
a) you would have to get up
b) would you have to get up
c) will you have to get up
d) you will have to get up
15. She started to sob and it looked as if her heart …
a) broke
b) would break
c) had broken
d) was broken
Test C
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