Drawing up and Filling in Documents
Устойчивые словосочетания
• jack-of-all-trades (мастер на все руки) • bring home the bacon (добывать кусок хлеба) • in the same boat (в одной лодке) • follow in her footsteps (пойти по чьим-то стопам)
Прилагательные
-dangerous опасный
- high-paying высокооплачиваемый
- responsible ответственный
- creative творческий
Слова, близкие по значению
- Job конкретная работа/work работа вообще ;
- staff персонал/employee наемный работник;
- grades отметки за экзамены/marks отметки на уроке;
- salaries зарплата служащего ежемесячная/wages зарплата рабочего ежедневная или еженедельная;
- points ( баллы )/marks
Education
Education in Russia
Children start school at the age of six in Russia. The course of studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Children under the age of six are taken to creches and nursery schools.
There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. The majority of schools is free of charge, but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the education of their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay for additional subjects in the curriculum, such as a foreign language or arts. Though it is generally not a demand, most children can already read and write when they start their school: this makes education much easier for them.
In primary school there are three or four lessons a day, they usually are Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. A lesson lasts forty minutes. During the first term children get used to learning and adapt to school regulations. Beginning with the second term of the first year at school, children also take Handicrafts, Drawing, Music and Physical Education. The list of subjects under study is further extended during the second, third and fourth years and includes the World History of Arts, Fundamentals of Security, History, Geography, and others. At primary schools all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.
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At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education, known as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from primary to secondary school is sometimes difficult for children. After finishing the ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and colleges.
After eleven years at school the school leavers take examinations and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to enter higher school taking only one examination.
The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the examinations the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen field. Young people also have an option to get specialized secondary education in vocational schools after leaving the eleventh form.
Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges), academies and universities. The term of studying in higher school is from four to six years. Students can be involved in scientific research while studying. At the end of their final year at college, university or academy they take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they can take postgraduate courses in the chosen field.
Schools in the United Kingdom
Education in the United Kingdom is compulsory from the age of five to sixteen. Children under five go either to nursery schools, or to playgroups. Both types of pre-primary educational establishments are
non-state; the difference is that a child spends the whole day in a nursery school, while he or she can stay in a playgroup only for some hours a day. Anyway, the main aim of such kind of establishments is to
make the children ready for primary schools. Children play, draw, model things from clay and learn to work together.
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Compulsory education for all children begins at the age of five. There are 35,000 state schools in Britain. All of them are the responsibility of the Local Educational Authorities (LEA). The LEA caters for the curriculum and exams in each region; they also appoint head teachers and held assessment tests at schools.
Primary school is for children from five to eleven. At first the studies are more like playing than working; English teachers say that this is the best way for children to get used to school. Probably they are right: children learn better when they play. Lessons usually last from nine in the morning till four or five in the afternoon with a long break at the lunchtime.
At the age of eleven pupils go to comprehensive schools. Children usually wear a uniform; it is different in different schools. They study Maths, English, Arts, English Literature, Geography, one or two foreign languages, usually French, Italian or German, PE (Physical Education),IT (Information Technology), Religion, Science, Biology, Sex Education and other subjects.
At the end of their studies they take General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations (GCSE) О-level, and then they either leave school and start working or continue their studies at school or at college for two more years. This is called the sixth form at school or the sixth form college, and the students take only the subjects they need for entering the university of their choice.
At the age of eighteen they take GCSE А-level. They usually take three or four А-levels. There are no entrance exams to universities, so the students can enter a university or a college on the results of their
А-level examinations.
Speaking about education in the UK it is necessary to say that there is a great difference between state education and private education. State schools are free, and about ninety per cent of all children attend
them. Private, or public schools are very expensive. These are usually boarding schools, where children stay while they study, coming home only on vacations. These schools are for children between thirteen and eighteen. Before entering a public school children are usually educated at home. State schools are usually mixed, while private schools are typically single-sex, with a few exceptions.
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Education in the United States
There is no federal educational standard in the USA. Schooling and educational programmes are the responsibility of each state; this is why one can find great differences in education from state to state. No
uniform demands exist on education in schools or universities throughout the nation. In most states attending school is obligatory for children between six and seventeen. Secondary education institutions include elementary schools and high schools.
Higher education in the USA is not nation-wide. Colleges differ a lot from each other in scale and level of education as well as in the “quality” of diplomas given. There are private and state universities.
Private education is considered more prestigious. The most famous private university is Harvard. Higher education is rather expensive in the USA.
A typical American university has two levels of education: two years of undergraduate classes and two more years of graduate classes. The undergraduate years are called the freshman and the sophomore year.
During the first and the second year the students take subjects of general education: Science, Humanities, Arts. The specialization begins at the third and the fourth years, named the junior and the senior year
respectively. After the fourth year at college, students get a Bachelor’s degree. Graduates may specialize further and do research. They get a Master’s Degree.
Vocabulary
| admission aim appoint arts assessment authority cater for certificate the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education clay competitive comprehensive school compulsory conduct course creches curriculum demand education elementary school enter entrance exam establishment extend facility free of charge freshman year get used to graduate handicrafts high school involve junior year local nursery school playgroup postgraduate course previously primary private research responsibility secondary senior year sophomore year specialize term term of studying undergraduate vocational | прием цель назначать гуманитарные науки оценка власть, администрация заботиться свидетельство, удостоверение, аттестат аттестат основного среднего образования глина конкурсный единая средняя школа обязательный вести курс детские ясли курс обучения; расписание требование, запросы образование начальная школа поступать вступительный экзамен организация, учреждение продолжаться, расширяться оборудование, приспособление бесплатный первый (младший) курс привыкать выпускник; выпускной труд (школьный предмет) средняя школа (амер.) включать, вовлекать предпоследний курс местный детский сад прогулочная группа аспирантура раньше, прежде начальный частный научно-исследовательская работа ответственность, обязанность средний последний курс (амер.) второй курс (амер.) специализироваться (на определенном предмете) семестр, четверть, срок обучения студент университета профессиональный |
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child
The human rights of children and the standards to which all governments must aspire in realizing these rights for all children, are formulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention is the
most universally accepted human rights instrument in history — it has been ratified by every country in the world except two. By ratifying this instrument, national governments have committed themselves to protecting and ensuring children's rights.
Built on varied legal systems and cultural traditions, the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a universally agreed set of non-negotiable standards and obligations. It spells out the basic human rights that children everywhere — without discrimination — have: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation, and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life.
Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child. The Convention protects children’s rights by setting standards in health care, education and legal, civil and social services. These standards are benchmarks against which progress can be assessed. States that are party to the Convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best interests of the child.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child was carefully drafted over the course of 10 years (1979-1989) with the input of representatives from all societies, all religions and all cultures. The Convention
has become the most widely accepted human rights treaty ever.
Some people assume that the rights of children born in wealthy nations — where schools, hospitals and juvenile justice systems are in place — are never violated, that these children have no need for the
protection and care called for in the Convention. But that is far from the truth. To varying degrees, at least some children in all nations face unemployment, homelessness, violence, poverty and other issues that
dramatically affect their lives.
All of us are born with human rights — a principle the Convention on the Rights of the Child makes very clear. They belong to each and every one of us equally. Children living in developing countries have
the same rights as children in wealthy countries. The Convention places equal emphasis on all of the rights for children.
Because of its near-universal acceptance by the community of nations, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has brought into sharp focus for the first time the fundamental human dignity of all children
and the urgency of ensuring their well-being and development. The Convention on the Rights of the Child specifically refers to the family as the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for
the growth and well-being of its members, particularly children.
Under the Convention, States are obliged to respect parents’ primary responsibility for providing care and guidance for their children and to support parents in this regard, providing material assistance and support programmes. States are also obliged to prevent children from being separated from their families unless the separation is judged necessary for the child’s best interests.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child confirms that children have a right to express their views and to have their views taken seriously and given due weight — but it does not state that children’s views are the only ones to be considered. The Convention also states that children have a responsibility to respect the rights of others, especially those of parents.
The principle of non-discrimination is included in all the basic human rights instruments and has been carefully defined by the bodies responsible for monitoring their implementation.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution44/25 of 20 November 1989. It entered into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49.
Vocabulary
| to aspire to стремиться к universally accepted признанный во всем мире instrument документ to ratify ратифицировать, утверждать, одобрять to commit oneself to брать на себя обязательство to protectзащищать to ensure обеспечивать legal system правовая система universally agreed общепризнанный, согласованный на международном уровне obligation обязательство to spell out излагать discrimination дискриминация, ограничение прав non-negotiable не подлежащий обсуждению right to survival право на жизнь to the fullest – в полной мере influence влияние, воздействие abuse насилие exploitation эксплуатация inherent неотъемлемый, присущий human dignity человеческое достоинство health care здравоохранение legal, civil and social services юридические, гражданские и социальные услуги benchmark критерий, ориентир to assess оценивать obliged обязанный to undertake actions предпринимать действия policy политика the best interests of the child – наилучшее обеспечение интересов детей to draft разрабатывать human rights treaty правозащитный договор to assume предполагать juvenile justice правосудие по делам несовершеннолетних wealthy nations богатые страны to be in place действовать care забота to call for призывать to varying degrees в той или иной степени to face сталкиваться unemployment безработица | homelessness беспризорность violence жестокость poverty бедность to affect dramatically – серьезно сказываться на equally в равной степени developing countries развивающиеся страны to place equal emphasis - уделять равное внимание near-universal acceptance почти всеобщее признание the community of nations содружество наций to bring into focus – обращать внимание, подчеркивать urgency актуальность, крайняя необходимость well-being благополучие to refer to называть, относиться к specifically особо fundamental group of society основная ячейка общества the natural environmentестественная среда to respect уважать primary responsibility главная обязанность guidance руководство in this regard в этом отношении material assistance материальная помощь support поддержка to prevent from предотвращать, не допускать to confirm утверждать to express one’s viewsвыражать свое мнение to take seriously воспринимать всерьез, относиться серьезно to give due weight – уделять должное внимание to consider принимать во внимание non-discrimination отсутствие дискриминации carefully defined четко определенный bodies органы to monitor контролировать implementation осуществление, выполнение to adopt принимать signature подписание accession присоединение General Assembly Генеральная Ассамблея ООН (главный совещательный орган ООН) to enter into force вступать в силу |
The United Nations Organization
“Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the obligations of
the Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are willing and able to carry out these obligations.”
Article 4, Chapter 2, United Nations Charter
The name “United Nations”, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the “Declaration by United Nations” of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.
States first established international organizations to cooperate on specific matters. In 1899, the International Peace Conference was held in the Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902.
The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to
promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security”. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War.
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to the United Nations Charter. The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals 189 countries.
All UN Member States are represented in the General Assembly — a kind of parliament of nations, which meets to consider the world’s most pressing problems. Each Member State has one vote. Decisions
on “important matters”, such as international peace and security, admitting new members, the UN budget and the budget for peacekeeping, are decided by two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by
simple majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made to reach decisions through consensus, rather than by taking a formal vote.
The Assembly holds its annual regular session from September to December. When necessary, it may resume its session, or hold a special or emergency session on subjects of particular concern. When the Assembly is not meeting, its six main committees, other subsidiary bodies and the UN Secretariat carry out its work.
Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed by the General Assembly in 1948, sets out basic rights and freedoms to which all women and men are entitled — among them the right to life, liberty and nationality, to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, to work, to be educated, to take part in government.
Together with the Declaration, these rights constitute the International Bill of Human Rights.
The Declaration laid the groundwork for more than 80 conventions and declarations on human rights, including conventions to eliminate racial discrimination and discrimination against women; conventions
on the rights of the child; the status of refugees and the prevention of genocide; and declarations on self-determination, enforced disappearances and the right to development.
With the standards-setting work nearly complete, the UN is shifting the emphasis of its human rights work to the implementation of human rights laws. The UN Commission on Human Rights, an intergovernmental body, holds public meetings to review the human rights performance of States.
Promoting respect for human rights is increasingly central to UN development assistance. In particular, the right to development is seen as part of a dynamic process, which integrates all civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights and improves the well-being of all individuals in a society. Key to the enjoyment of the right to development is the eradication of poverty, a major UN goal.
Active Words and Word Combinations
| to adopt принимать to carry out выполнять to codify систематизировать to conceive задумывать conscience сознание, совесть convention договор, конвенция to eliminate устранять, исключать eradication искоренение forerunner предшественник freedom свобода groundwork основа | to involve включать, подразумевать obligation обязательство, соглашение to pledge давать торжественное обещание, заверять to prevent предотвращать, препятствовать to provide обеспечивать to represent представлять, обозначать representative представитель security безопасность subsidiary вспомогательный, дополнительный vote голос to vote голосовать |
Searching for a Job Abroad
(1)
| search поиск to identify определять employer работодатель graduate выпускник vocational средний профессиональный professional высший профессиональный to train обучать training обучение concerns интересы network сеть | to lead вести job counselling консультирование по вопросам трудоустройства; профессиональная ориентация aptitude testing тестирование способностей to advise советовать; консультировать advising консультирование particular конкретный, определенный guidance руководство, наставление various различный |
(2)
| employee наемный работник to select выбирать skills навыки, умения necessary необходимый to hire нанимать dependable надежный to get along ладить, уживаться personal characteristics личные качества; индивидуальные особенности prospective будущий; потенциальный; предполагаемый toapplyforajob подавать заявку о приеме на | работу to complete an application form заполнить бланк заявления to participate участвовать employment interview собеседование при приеме на работу to submit a resume предоставить резюме to take a test пройти тест physical examinationфизическое обследование to submit references предоставлять рекомендации samples of work образцы (своей) работы school records школьные документы (записи) |
(3)
| newspaper want ads газетные объявления о работе, о найме, о вакансиях ads = advertisements объявления; реклама classified отнесенный к категории advertising section рекламный раздел (в печатном издании) professional journal профессиональный журнал «Help wanted» требуется помощник/сотрудник/работник «Jobs wanted» «Ищу работу» available доступный particular определенный | to be of interest представлять интерес work experience опыт работы educationобразование to be requiredтребоваться working hours часы работы, рабочее время, продолжительность рабочего времени pay оплата to apply for подавать заявку; обращаться за (чем-л.); устраиваться на работу to avoid избегать unrealistic нереальный offer предложение |
Preparation for Studies Abroad
PERSONAL STATEMENT
My interest in education and foreign languages dates back to my school years where I excelled in organizing different parties, concerts and discussions for primary classes. During the years at Primary School Teachers’ Training College I participated in pedagogical conferences in St. Petersburg and received a few rewards for my reports.
When I began my studies at St. Petersburg Primary School Teachers’ Training College, I had the opportunity to be exposed to the full range of methodical courses, all of which tended to reinforce and enhance my intense interest in education. But rather soon I realized that education is too wide a subject and I had to choose a specific field to deal with. I have always been strong in English and German. So I came to methods of language teaching.
Since I was in my second year of study, I have been studying with my teacher, Mrs Krylova, intensive methods of language teaching. In my course paper I am adopting these numerous methods for the primary and secondary education.
Now my interest has shifted to multi-lingual education, which would serve an excellent base for wider literary education at all levels. Such an idea has recently been discussed, but there are still no standard programmes to realize it. It is very interesting and responsible to create these sort of programmes for schoolchildren. I am sure that they could develop their linguistic abilities and widen their knowledge of foreign literature.
My studies at the College will soon be completed and I would like to continue my education at the University of Toronto. After completing my Bachelor’s degree I am going to continue my studies and to write appropriate textbooks for my courses. I am actually aware of the superb reputation of your University and I hope you will not deny me the privilege of continuing my studies at your fine institution.
Tatyana Larina
REQUEST FOR APPLICATION MATERIALS (Письмо-запрос)
Tatyana Larina
3, Shirokaya Street
Dobroye Village
St. Petersburg Region
Russia
E-mail: Tatyana@mail.ru
1st January, 2001
Prof. D.
Director of Undergraduate Studies
Department of Linguistics
University of Toronto 130 St. George Street, Room 6076
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H1
Dear Sir
I am Tatyana Larina, 20, a final-year student at St. Petersburg Primary School Teachers’ Training College.
I am majoring in methods of language teaching. A list of my courses with hours and grades (unofficial transcript) is enclosed. I am to graduate next spring and I wish to apply for admission as a student in your Department. I would like to begin studying in the fall semester of 2001.
Would you please send me an application form and other papers necessary for application. I will be very grateful for any additional information (entrance requirements, financial aid, undergraduate programmes).
Sincerely yours
Tatyana Larina
COVERING LETTER (Сопроводительное письмо)
(Адрес отправителя)
(Кому адресовано)
Dear Sir
As my application for the fall of 2001, I am sending you the following materials (enclosed):
1. Completed Application Form.
2. Completed International Student Financial Statement.
3. Certified copy of my official transcript (academic certificate) with attached official translation into English made by the St. Petersburg State Notary Office 1.
4. Two-page Personal Statement.
5. Three letters of recommendation (in separate envelopes).
6. Copies of TOEFL, TWE.
Please acknowledge the receipt of this packet.
Please also let me know if you need any additional documents.
I would be very grateful to you if you would duplicate your admission decision via e-mail.
Thank you for consideration of my application.
Sincerely yours
Tatyana Larina
Searching for a Job Abroad
(1)
1. То begin your job search, you must identify the kind of job you want, where the jobs are, and what employers expect.
2. If you are a student or a graduate of a vocational, technical, or professional (university) training programme and you have the same interests, you already know the kind of job you want.
3. Begin by thinking about the work you can do. Include the work you have been trained to do, the work you have actually done, and the work you enjoy doing.
4. Next, talk to as many people as possible about your job interests and concerns.
5. Thinking and talking help you build a network of people interested in helping you.
6. This network will lead to specific job contacts.
7. However, job counselling is also useful.
8. Job counselling is a professional service that may include vocational interest and aptitude testing; informing and advising about particular jobs; and providing training and guidance in the various steps at a job search.
(2)
1. Employers want to select employees who have or who can learn the skills necessary to do the job.
2. Most employers will not hire people who are not dependable or who cannot get along with others.
3. Thus, they want to learn as much as possible about the skills, dependability and personal characteristics of prospective employees.
4. Depending on the job you are applying for, you might have to complete an application form, participate in one or more employment interviews, submit a resume, take a test, have a physical examination, or submit references, samples of your work, and copies of your school records.
5. Each of these steps in the employment process provides the employer with important information about you.
(3)
1. Many people believe that answering newspaper want ads is the best method to use.
2. Job advertisements are found in the classified advertising section of newspapers.
3. Want ads are also found in professional journals.
4. There are two main types of want ads: “Help wanted” and “Jobs wanted”. You should read the want ads for two reasons: first, to learn more general information about jobs that are available; second, to learn specific information about a particular job that is of interest to you.
5. The ad may tell the education and work experience that are required for the job, the location of the job, the working hours, and the pay.
6. It also tells you how to apply for the particular job.
7. Avoid ads that make unrealistic offers. 8. If an ad suggests that you will make a lot of money quickly and easily, do not apply for that job.
Drawing up and Filling in Documents
(1)
1. Here are the information and official records that you should gather before you apply for any job.
2. You will need a Social Security number for almost any job.
3. All US residents, foreigners with special visas and even foreign students can get a Social Security number and a card.
4. If you are not a US citizen, you will have to explain what kind of visa you have and give visa number.
5. If you are a foreign student at a US university, you usually can be employed only by your university.
6. Some foreign university students earn small amounts of money by working as babysitters, dishwashers, translators and foreign language tutors.
7. In addition, after graduation, foreign students are sometimes permitted to work in this country for one year to gain more experience and knowledge.
(2)
1. If you are younger than 18, you must have a work permit.
2. You can get a work permit from the principal’s office of a high school or from the county school board office.
3. Some jobs require you to drive during working hours.
4. Most states require a written test and a driving test.
5. Being limited-English-proficient or a foreigner should not, normally, stop you from getting a driver’s license.
6. If you went to high school in another country, you should do everything possible to get a copy of your foreign high-school diploma.
7. If you attended a college or university, you should get an official transcript of your record.
8. If you completed a vocational technical training programme, you should have a certificate to verify that you had such training.
9. Some professions require you to have a state license in order to work. These professions include cosmetology, nursing, medicine, law, accountancy, pharmacy, engineering, teaching and others.
10. To get the license, you must take an exam. To find out about getting a state license, contact the state licensing board in the capital of your state.
11. Employers may be interested in knowing the kind of training and experience you received in the military, even if you served in the military of another country.
12. You may have skills that you developed without special training. List anything that shows that you have good leadership, communication or manual skills. And don’t forget to say that you speak another language!
(3)
1. A personal data sheet is a form that has information about you that an employer might want to see.
2. Practice printing your answers on a blank paper before you write on the form.
3. Use a dictionary to make sure that you spell correctly.
4. A completed job application provides the employer the answers to questions about your education and work experience.
5. The answers to unstated but important questions tell him about your ability to work neatly, spell correctly and provide accurate and complete data.
6. A resume is an individualized, written summary of your personal, educational and experience qualifications.
7. If you are looking for a professional, technical, administrative, or managerial job, you will need a resume. 8. A resume is like a written sales presentation.
9. An effective resume creates a favourable impression of you while presenting your abilities and experience.
10. Make a complete and accurate record of every job you have had.
11. For each job include the dates and places you worked, your duties, and the name of your supervisor.
12. You should list your most recent job first and your first job last.
13. Try to give US equivalent for foreign terms, including job titles, university degrees, and (translations of) publications and companies.
14. Also, give specific information about foreign work experience, including cities and countries and a description of your exact duties.
Preparation for Studies Abroad
Personal statement – личное заявление (эссе с кратким описанием цели поступления)
dates back берет свое начало
to excel отличиться
Primary School Teachers’ Training College педагогический колледж
to participate (in)участвовать
reward премия
to be exposed (to) иметь в своем распоряжении
full range полный комплекс
to tend быть направленным (на)
to reinforce усиливать, подкреплять
to enhance повышать
to realize 1) осуществлять; 2) понимать, осознавать
specific field определенная область (науки)
to deal with заниматься чем-либо
to come to приступать к (какому-либо делу); обращаться к (какому-либо вопросу)
course paper курсовая работа
to adopt применять
multi-lingual education многоязычное образование
literary education обучение литературе
to create создавать
linguistic abilities языковая подготовка
to widen расширять
appropriate соответствующий, подходящий
textbook учебник
to be aware of отдавать себе отчет в (чем-либо)
to deny отказывать (в чем-либо)
institution учебное заведение
Request for Application письмо - запрос
Correspondence переписка
undergraduate studies department отделение бакалавриата
Prof. D. профессор Д.
Department отделение
final-year student студент выпускного курса
to major специализироваться (амер.)
methods методика
grades оценки
unofficial transcript выписка из аттестата (или зачетно-экзаменационной ведомости)
to enclose включать, прилагать, прикладывать
to graduate выпускаться, заканчивать учебное заведение
to apply for admission подавать заявку на поступление
fall осень (амер.)
fall semester осенний семестр
application form анкетный бланк, анкета
entrance поступление
requirements требования
financial aid финансовая помощь
undergraduate programme программа бакалавриата
Covering Letter сопроводительное письмо
Financial Statement финансовый отчет
official transcript выписка из зачетной ведомости
academic certificate академическая справка
letter of recommendation рекомендательное письмо
to acknowledge the receipt подтверждать получение
admission decision решение о приеме
consideration рассмотрение
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign language) международный экзамен по английскому языку как иностранному
TWE (Test of Written English) это часть TOEFL, который проверяет навыки письменного английского языка.
Тhе Role of Technical Progress
The scientific and technical revolution has changed our life very much. The computers, the mobile phones and other digital devices have entered our everyday life.
The atomic, space and energy age was followed bу the age of computers. The tasks which had seemed eternal before have been solved one bу one bу computers. During the last decade many fundamental changes occurred because of electronic devices. It is even difficult to imagine the social and economic consequences of the microelectronic revolution.
The large use of computers has influenced our life in such а way that it was difficult to imagine 15 or 20 years ago. On the one hand, computers have simplified our life greatly. If you typed а text on the typewriter and made а mistake you had to type the whole page again. Making several copies of the same document used to bе а difficult job too. But now it's quite different. Correcting mistakes is easy. Computer also helps us to buy goods, find information, book tickets, make presentations and annual
reports, and make difficult calculations. Time is saved for leisure.
Leisure time is also influenced bу computer and other periphery devices. You no longer go to the music shops - many things are available on the internet. You needn't write letters to your relatives or friends – you can send an e-mail. And your photo albums are on computer too.
Computer games are probably also а part of your free time. They became more and more realistic and complicated, and for many people it becomes impossible to tear themselves away. This means that electronic devices, such as computer and ТV set are used mostly for entertainment and consume most of the time that could bе spent on work, going for а walk and sleeping. Man becomes а slave of the devices which were designed to make him stronger.
Is there а way out? In fact, there is, but many people don't know it and are still slaves. The best decision is not to give these equipments place in your heart. They should do their work. And when you have а rest, prefer real communication to virtual one and living an active life to watching films about crime. Then electronics will bе not our lord or enemy but our friend!
Vocabulary
| age век annual ежегодный atomic атомный available доступный consequence следствие сору копия correct исправлять crime преступление decade десятилетие document документ e-mail (=electronic mail)электронная почта enemy враг enter вводить, входить good добро impossible невозможный influence влияние, влиять | lord господин occur возникать periphery периферия photo albumфотоальбом progress прогресс realistic реалистичный relative родственник report отчет simplify облегчать slave раб social социальный tear (oneself) away оторвать(ся) ticket билет type печатать typewriter печатная машинка virtual виртуальный |
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