III. Put the lettres of some words into the necessary order:
The Adventure of English. Part II. “English Goes Underground”.
I. Read the proper names. Pronounce them carefully:
Arthur Pendragon, Edward I, “The Canterbury Tales”, “Troilus and Criseyde”, Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, court Henri of Anjou [΄henri/a:ŋ΄ri əv ɔ:ŋ΄Ʒu], Eleanor of Aquitaine, Geoffrey Chaucer, Henry Duke of Lancaster (Henry IV), King Richard II, Peterborough Abbey (Chronicle), Plantagenet, “Tabard Inn”, the Atlantic, the Loire, the Pyrenees, the Rhone, Thomas Becket, William Caxton, William de Waterville, William of Malmsbery, William of Nassyngton.
II. Answer the questions:
1) What was the White Tower symbol of?
2) Which words entered the English language with the invaders?
3) Did Old English cease to be the written record?
4) What do you know about the Anglo-Saxon/Peterborough Chronicles?
5) What language were they written? Where?
6) How long had they been written?
7) What happened to them after the Norman Conquest?
8) Old English stopped developing and change, didn’t it? No, it didn’t . Contact with Celtic lang in the North, simplifying, namann – names, prepositions – funct of endings, word order fixed
9) What do you know of Henri of Anjou? Grandson of WC, fluently Latin and French, no English
10) Did Henri of Anjou speak English? NO
11) What did Henri have as an inheritor of William the Conqueror? England and Normandy?
12) What was Eleanor of Aquitaine? Queen of English! Daughter of William the 10 of Aquitaine
13) What did she bring to Henri as an heiress? Modern France
14) Was English significant in this huge part of the mainland and England? NOPE French was as the lang of government and country
15) Was English “alive on the streets”? YES
16) Who patronized poets and troubadours? The queen
17) What did their verses and songs create? Romantic image of the Middle Ages
18) What did word “chivalry” mean in the Middle Ages? A glorious vision
19) Had its meaning been different just after 1066? Cavalry warriors changed into knights – role model of ideal behavior
20) What did the poets “bring to life” from books at the age of Eleanor? Story of Arthur and his knights
21) What were the main topics of troubadours’ lyrics? Celebrate heirness, long for perfect woman,
22) Were the songs of England’s native inhabitants different? Everyday things of less exotic conditions
23) What were the two opposite ends of the social scale? Peasants and trubador
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24) What did William the Conqueror introduce in England? Feudalism
25) What does the term “serf” mean? Not slaves but tied for life to their lord’s estate they worked for him and for themselves
26) Where did English-speaking workers and French masters live? Huts and castles
27) How can we linguistically distinguish between two classes of the then society? Oax – beef, pig – pork, deer – venison
28) How did it happen that the words of two languages mingle? Where they lived and worked together the differences wore away leash, block, coja, cage, bait, check, mew
29) Did the majority of French words replace the English words? Stand side by side with them apple – every fruit>specific fruit
30) What happened to the meanings of Old English words? They became narrower
31) What language were the church services conducted in? Latin
32) What did English-speaking people do as “feudalism loosened its grip”? flood in from a country looking for better life
33) What were the words English middle classes picked by socializing with their French “colleagues”? measure, chisel, backet, trawl merchant, money, contract, discount, bargain
34) Why didn’t French become the language of England? They lost contact with Normandy because it was conquered by a smaller kingdom of France, marry into language, grew bilingual
35) What French words are recorded in English after 1250? Abbey, attire, censor, defend, figure, malady, music, castle, sacrifice, scarlet, spy, stable, virtue, marshal, park, rain, beauty, clerk, country, fool
36) What was the role of French in the trade? International lang of trade – conduit of words from the east matress, amber, syrup, hazard
37) What did Arabic (borrowed through French) “shah-mat” mean? Checkmate – the king is dead
38) What pairs of synonyms appeared in English because of French influence? Heir – elaborate swon – signate axe – hatchet ask – demand bid – morsel wish – desire, might-power, room – chamber
39) Were there any differences inside the above mentioned pairs of words? Differencies liberty isn’t freedom answer – respond
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40) What was the nickname of Edward I? Do you know why? The Hammer of the scots
41) What did Edward use in 1295 (when Philip of France wanted to invade England) as a symbol of the national support? English
42) Did Edward elevate the language of official use? Reborn, lang symbol of country but didn’t elevate it
43) What was happening to written English around the country somewhere in the beginning of the XIV century? Everyone could understand it emerge from shadows English words appeared in poems old relig hamlets were copied
44) What is a bestiary? Basis in Christian relity in Latin later in English
45) What animals “gave English its greatest boost”? rats
46) What did they carry with them? When? The great pestilence, black death 1348
47) How many people died? Quarter-third of 4 mln population
48) How did the “Black Death” influence Latin? Clergy reduced in half and replaced by hardly-literate people
49) What did working people survived do? Demand better conditions and higher wages rose through society and took their English with them
50) What was Geoffrey Chaucer? Literary champion who could harness its full capabilities to produce a great writing
51) What do you know about him? s widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.
While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. He was a noble man, travelled a lot, new French and Latin and probably was a spy
52) What were “The Canterbury Tales” for millions of people? Flowering of medieval English and staging post for English literature
53) Did Chaucer invent the language he was writing in? No, but recognized it richness and worked it to the full
54) What language was spoken in London? Huge mixture of Scandinavian terms, French words and English, vibrant variety of English
55) Where did the pilgrims gather? Tabard House
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56) What characters of “The Canterbury Tales” are enumerated in the film? A knight, prioress, merchant, good wife, miller
57) Did Chaucer introduce to English any elevative synonyms? Eng hard became French difficulty, unhap – disadventure, shameship – dishonesty, unconning – ignorant, meaning – sugniffionce
58) What words did Chaucer reintroduce? Farting, friendly, restless, willingly, churlish, learning, wifely,
59) What do you know of Thomas Becket? Brillian archbishop, son of a French merchant. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by both the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. He engaged in conflict with Henry II, King of England over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. Soon after his death, he was canonised by Pope Alexander III.
60) Was English uniform in the way it was spoken in Chaucer’s time? No, there were many dialects because it was throng with the pilgrims
61) What happened to English of the 11th century London? It became standard
62) Where is Chaucer buried? Westminster Abbey, Poet’s corner
63) Did Chaucer only delight people in his work? Credited the standard and platform for those who followed
III. Put the lettres of some words into the necessary order:
1) It was to be part prison, part FORTRESS, part TREASURE, part PALACE.
2) The French VOCABULARY of power FORCED its way into the English LANGUAGE.
3) English had BECOME the third language in its own COUNTRY.
4) It would take over three hundred years to EMERGE from the SHADOWS.
5) Across the land WILLIAM”S men took over every POSITION of power in the state and in the CHURCH.
6) The vocabulary of ROMANCE and CHIVALRY was heard in England.
7) Ideas had SHIFTED and words with them.
8) A French language of the grand lords hasn’t PENETRATED down to the COMMON people’s.
9) The English bauolerd, the French seaetfd.
10) triwnet English was DEAD and spoken English was being PROGRESSIVELY colonized throughout society by French words.16.28
11) French was helping to EQUIP and ENRICH the language.
12) He showed, he proved that REFORMED English was fit for great LITERATURE.
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