Dates (the most important dates and events)
Vocabulary (useful words and expressions)
flint
fossilized skull
rhinoceroses
thriving culture
nomadic tribes
hearths
whale bone
timber
ploughed fields
wheat and barley
flax
pottery
barrows
causeway
plough
urban settlements
potter's wheel
javelins
holy blazon
to flee – fled- fled (from a battlefield)
cavalry
tide
to suspend the peace negotiations
chariot pole
yoke
ambush
envoys
tithe
treaty
to flog
massacre
chastity
deities
plunder
intruders
persecution
to commit for trial
upstart
Main periods in the history of Britain
- The Prehistoric (or Pre-written or Pre-Celtic) Period
- The Celtic Period
- The Roman Period
- The Dark Ages
- The Anglo-Saxon Period
- The Medieval Britain
- The Reformation Period
- The Restoration Period
- The Age of Empire
- The Modern Age
Ages in GB history
| Age | Period | Timelines | Notes |
| Stone age | Paleolithic | 2,5 millions (lower) | First inhabitants of the British Isles. |
| 300 000 (middle) | |||
| 40 000 (upper) | |||
| Mesolithic | 10,000BC | Ice age (Glacial period) in Europe The second wave of settlement in Britain | |
| Neolithic | 5000 | The third (the new) age of settlement in Britain | |
| Bronze age | 2100 to 700 BC | ||
| Iron age | 5th century BC until the Roman conquest (50 A.D) and until the 5th century AD in non-Romanised parts | Celtic invasion of the British Isles |
1.4 Caratacus’s speech to Roman senate:
“If the degree of my nobility and fortune had been matched by moderation in success, I would have come to this City as a friend rather than a captive, nor would you have disdained to receive with a treaty of peace one sprung from brilliant ancestors and commanding a great many nations. But my present lot, disfiguring as it is for me, is magnificent for you. I had horses, men, arms, and wealth: what wonder if I was unwilling to lose them? If you wish to command everyone, does it really follow that everyone should accept your slavery? If I were now being handed over as one who had surrendered immediately, neither my fortune nor your glory would have achieved brilliance. It is also true that in my case any reprisal will be followed by oblivion. On the other hand, if you preserve me safe and sound, I shall be an eternal example of your clemency."
Hints
Valid pronunciations and alternate pronunciations for any given year of the Gregorian calendar
|
|
|
| Year | Most common pronunciation method | Alternative methods |
| 1 BC | (The year) One Before Christ (BC) | 1 before the Common era (BCE) |
| 1 | (The year) One | Anno Domini (AD) 1 1 of the Common era (CE) In the year of Our Lord 1 |
| 235 | Two thirty-five | Two-three-five Two hundred (and) thirty-five |
| 911 | Nine eleven | Nine-one-one Nine hundred (and) eleven |
| 999 | Nine ninety-nine | Nine-nine-nine Nine hundred (and) ninety-nine Triple nine |
| 1000 | One thousand | Ten hundred 1K Ten aught Ten oh |
| 1004 | One thousand (and) four | Ten oh-four |
| 1010 | Ten ten | One thousand (and) ten |
| 1050 | Ten fifty | One thousand (and) fifty |
| 1225 | Twelve twenty-five | One-two-two-five One thousand, two hundred (and) twenty-five Twelve-two-five |
| 1900 | Nineteen hundred | One thousand, nine hundred Nineteen aught |
| 1901 | Nineteen oh-one | Nineteen hundred (and) one One thousand, nine hundred (and) one Nineteen aught one |
| 1919 | Nineteen nineteen | Nineteen hundred (and) nineteen One thousand, nine hundred (and) nineteen |
| 1999 | Nineteen ninety-nine | Nineteen hundred (and) ninety-nine One thousand, nine hundred (and) ninety-nine |
| 2000 | Two thousand | Twenty hundred Two triple-oh |
| 2001 | Two thousand (and) one | Twenty oh-one Twenty hundred (and) one Two double-oh-one Two oh-oh-one |
| 2009 | Two thousand (and) nine | Twenty oh-nine Twenty hundred (and) nine Two double-oh-nine Two oh-oh-nine |
| 2010 | Two thousand (and) ten | Twenty hundred (and) ten Twenty ten two-oh-one-oh |
| 2012 | Twenty Twelve |
Dictionary (hints on difficult names spelling and meanings)
Hallstatt culture
La Tène culture
Iceni [aɪˈsiː.naɪ]
Trinovantes
Caledonia [ˌkæl.ɪˈdəʊ.ni.ə]
Albion (the White) and Ierna (the Holy).
Cassivellaunus [ˌkæs.ɪ.vɪˈlɔː.nəs]
|
|
|
Catuvellauni [ˌkatuvɪˈlɔ:naɪ]
Aulus Plautius (Авл Плавтий)
Camalodunum [ˌkæm.ə.ləʊ ˈdjuː.nəm]
Caratacus [kəˈræt.ə.kəs]
Client Kingdoms
Agricola [əˈgrɪk.əʊ .lə]
Diocletian [ˌdaɪəˈkliː.ʃᵊn]
Maximian [ˌmæk.sɪˈmjən]
Carausius
Constantius
Flavius Theodosius [ˌθiː.əˈdəʊ.si|.əs]
Magnus Maximus
Flavius Stilicho
Constantine [ˈkɒnt .stᵊn.taɪn]
Dates (the most important dates and events)
600 BC starts gradual Celtic invasion
75 BC the last wave of Celtic invasion
55 BC the first Roman invasion under Ceasar’s command
54 BC the second Ceasar’s trip to Britain
43.AD the second Roman invasion (Aulus Plautius)
50 AD capture of Caratacus
60 AD capture of Anglesey by Suetonius
61 AD Boudicca’s rebellion
74 AD Agricola is sent to Britain
285 Maximian is appointed as a co-emperor and sent to Gaul
293 Carausius if murdered
367 Britain is ravaged to the ground by the simultaneous attacks of the Picts, the Scots, and the Saxons
368 Flavius Theodosius is sent to Britain
383 Magnus Maximus is proclaimed Emperor
400 Flavius Stilicho drives the Picts, the Scots and the Saxons out of the country
411 Constantine is captured and executed by Stilicho
410 AD the last desperate letter of the the Britons is sent to Roman Emperor Honorius. Rome abandons Britain
491 the fall of the Roman Empire
|
|
|
Independent work
Дата добавления: 2021-03-18; просмотров: 70; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!