The Use of Articles with Some Proper Names
Articles with uncountable nouns
1)in a general sense uncountable nouns take no articles. Ice-cream is cold.
2) if the situation is clear we use the definite article. The snow is dirty.
3)No article is used if the noun has a descriptive attr. (modern, English, French, real, authentic, symbolic, Soviet, proletarian) French poultry, modern art. BUT! the definite article is used if there is a limiting attr. The French poultry of the XIX century.
4)Uncountable nouns may become countable if they denote sorts, kinds or special aspects of the notions they denote. Narzan is a mineral water.
5)Some uncount. nouns are never used with the ind. article( nouns of verbal character denoting actions, acrtivity, processes): Advice, news, information, progress, work, weather, money, assistance, permission. It’s good advice.
Ways of expressing a limiting attr:
1) by a clause. He is the boy I want to marry.
2) by an of-phrase. The house of my friend is expensive.
3) by limiting adj.: all, whole, very, right, left, wrong, only one, opposite, main, last, next, same. We are going in the wrong direction. BUT! We don’t use the definite article with: last week, last year, last summer. Exception! I’m an only child in the family.
4) by an ordinal numeral. I’m in the first form.
Words: page, chapter, volume, unit, lesson, apartment/flat, house, bus, group, part – are not used with ordinal numerals, they are used with cardinal numerals without any article. Open the book on page 9. Get on bus 17.
5) by a superlative degree of adj. You are the quietest child.
Articles with Nouns In Apposition
1. As a rule, a countable noun in the sing. in the function of an apposition takes the Indefinite article "I'm sure you know Mr Hard, a professor at HcGlll".
2. The definite article is used with a noun in apposition when: a) It refers to a well-known person: Pushkin, the great Russian poet. was very fond of autumn. b) It has a limiting attribute or is clear from the situation: He had left his hat on the table,the tall hat, in which he always went to church.
3. If the apposition precedes the proper name it takes the definite article. the painter Turner, the composer Britten.
4. Nouns in apposition may be used without any article if they denote a position (rank, state, post or occupation) which is unique, and can be occupied by one person at time: president, prime-minister, head, rector, director, dean, manager, chief, principal,etc. The noun in this case usually has an "of-phrase" attribute: Mr Jackson, superintendant of the school... But we say: the Prime-Minister made an announcemen yesterday.
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5. When nouns denoting titles, military ranks or posts are followed by a proper name they are used without any article: Doctor Smith,Professor Jones,King John. Sir William.
Articles with geo names.
1)names of continents are used without any article. Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, South America, North America. No article is used either when names of continents are modified by such attributes as: northern, southern, western, eastern, central, minor (меньший, малый), south-west, south-east, Latin. Northern Europe, North America, Asia Minor. But we say the Arctic and the Antarctic (regions) meaning the sea and the land round the North and South Poles.
2) No article take: names of countries (China, Brazil, GB), states and provinces (California, Kashmir, Brittany), cities (Oslo, Rome, Delhi), towns (Brighton, Hastings), and villages (Appledore). No article is used either when these nouns have such attr. as: north(ern), southern, eastern, western, ancient, old, new, central, industrial, medieval, modern. Southern France, Old England.
Traditionally used with the: Countries: the USA,the FRG,the Argentine (but Argentina),the Lebanon,the Netherlands(the Low Countries),the Cameroon, the Senegal,the Congo. Provinces: the Caucasus,the Ruhr,the Tyrol,the Transvaal,the Riviera,the Soar. City: the Hague.
3) The definite article take: names of oceans (the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Arctic), seas (the Baltic sea, the Mediterranean sea, the Black sea, the Adriatic sea, the North sea), straits (the Magellan Strait, the Bering Strait, the Torres Straits, the Kattegat, the Bosporus, the Dardanelles, the Scagerak), channels and canals (the English Channel, the Kiel Canal, the Panama Canal), rivers (the Volga, the Thames, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi) and lakes (the Leman, the Ontario). But when names of lakes are preceded by the noun lake, no article is used. Lake Baikal, Lake Ohio, Lake Como, Lake Superior, Lake Ladoga.
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4) Names of bays generally have no article (Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay).
5) Names of peninsulas have no article if the propor name is used alone (Indo-China, Hindustan, Kamchatka, Labrador, Taimir, Scandinavia. But if the noun peninsula is mentioned we use the definite article ( the Balkan Peninsula).
6) Names of deserts are used with the definite article (the Sahara, the Gobi, the Kara-Cum).
7) The def. article is used with the names of mountain chains (the Rocky Mountains, the Andes, the Alps, the Pamirs and with groups of islands (the Philippines, the Azores, the Bahamas, the East Indies, the Canaries, the Hebrides, the Bermudas.
8) No article take separate mountine peaks (Elbrus,Mount Blanc,Everest,Vesyvius), separate islands (Sicily, Cuba, Haiti,Cyprus,Newfoundland,Madagascar) and waterfalls(Niagara Falls).
9) Names of mountain passes take the definite article (the Saint Gotthard Pass)
The def. article is found when there is a limiting attr. (the England of the middle Ages). The ind. article is found when a geo name is modified by a descriptive attr. which brings out a special aspect. (It was a new Russia he found on his return.) The definite article is always used with the pattern (образец, модель): a common noun+of+a proper name. the City of New York, the Cape of Good Hope, the Gulf of Mexico, the Straits of Gibraltar [dgi’bro:lte], the Straits of Malacca[me’leke], the Straits of Dover, the Bay of Biscay [‘biskei]( Бискайский залив ), the Bay of Bengal[ben’go:l], the Gulf of Finland, the Lake of Geneva[dge’ni:ve], the Island of Majorca[me’dgo:ke].
The Use of Articles with Some Proper Names
1. Names of streets, parks and squares are generally used without any article, e.g. Oxford Street, Hyde Park, Trafalgar Square.
2. There is no article with names of universities and college, e.g.: Moscow University. Oxford University, Trinity College.
3. Names of theatres, museums, picture galleries, concert halls, cinemas, clubs and hotels are used with the definite article; for example: the Bolshol Theatre, the Opera House, the British Museum, the National Gallery,the Forum, the Continental Hotel, etc.
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4. Names of ships and boats are used with the definite article: the Titanic, the Sedov.
5. Names of newspapers and magazines are generally used with the definite article, e.g.; the Times, the Observer, etc.
6. Names of months and the days of the week are usually used without any article, e.g.: January. February. Monday. Tuesday, etc.
Note: Compare: We met. on Friday. (Мы встретились в прошлую пятницу). We met on a Friday. (Мы встретились однажды в пятницу).
7. Names of organizations and political parties are used: with the definite article, e g.: the Parliament, the SovietArmy, the Liberal Party, the London City Council.
8. Names of languages are used without any article unless the noun "language" Is mentioned, e.g.: English, French, Japanese. But: the English (French. Japanese) language. Notice the combinations: Translated from the German; What Is the French for...?
9. We find the definite article with names of some gram. categories such as names of tenses, moods, voices, cases. the Present Indefinite, the Passive Voice, the Possessive Case.
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