Exercise V: Read and translate the text.
Education in the USA.
The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state. School education in so called state public schools is free. Parents are free to choose any public school for their children.
Although there are a lot of private schools, mainly religious, and parents have to pay for them. A school year starts in September and ends in June. It is divided into three terms or four quarters.
American children start attending elementary schools at the age of 6. They continue their studies for eight years there (8 grades).
Their basic subjects in the curriculum at this stage are English, Arithmetic, Natural Science, History, Geography, Foreign Language and some others.
After that pupils may enter a Senior high school or if they go to a 5- or 6-year elementary school, they then attend a 3- or 4-year Junior high school, and then enter a Senior high school. Pupils graduate from high schools at the age of 18.
The high schools (also known as secondary schools) are generally larger and accommodate teenagers from four or five elementary schools.
During the school year the students study four or five selective subjects according to their professional interests.
They must complete a certain number of courses to receive a high school diploma or a certificate of school graduation.
In order to develop social skills and encourage students’ participation in extracurricular activities every high school has an orchestra, a music band, a choir, drama groups, football, basketball and baseball teams.
School becomes the centre of social life for students.
At American colleges and universities young people get higher education. They study for 4 years and get a Bachelor's degree in arts or science. If a student wants to get a Master's degree he must study for two more years and do a research work.
Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a Doctor degree. The most famous American universities are Harvard, Princeton (Принстонский), Stanford, Yale (Йельский), Columbia Universities.
Useful words:
state public schools – государственные школы;
private schools – частные школы;
Senior high school – старшая средняя школа;
Junior high school - младшая средняя школа;
elementary school – начальная школа;
Accommodate – вмещают в себя;
selective subjects – предметы по выбору;
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social skills – общественные навыки;
encourage students’ participation - поощрение студенческого участия;
extracurricular – внешкольная;
Bachelor's degree – степень Бакалавра;
to advance – продолжать;
to pursue – получить;
Master's degree – степень Магистра;
Doctor degree – степень Доктора;
Exercise VI: Answer the questions:
1. Iseducation in state public schools free?
2. Are parents free to choose any public school for their children?
3. Are parentshad to pay for study in private schools?
4. At what ageAmerican children start attending elementary schools?
5. What basic subjects in the curriculum at elementary schools?
6. What school pupils may enter after elementary school?
7. At what agepupils are graduated from high schools?
8. Do the students study only basic subjects?
9. How students can receive a high school diploma or a certificate of school graduation?
10. What can you say about extracurricular activities in high school?
Exercise VII: Translate the following phrases into English:
1. Основными предметами в расписании на данном этапе считаются английский, арифметика, естествознание, история, география, иностранный язык и некоторые другие.
2. Они обязаны пройти определенное количество курсов для того, чтобы получить диплом о среднем образовании или сертификат об окончании школы.
3. Родители могут свободно выбирать любую бесплатную школу для детей.
4. В американских колледжах и университетах молодые люди получают высшее образование.
5. В течение учебного года студенты изучают 4-5 выборочных предметов, в соответствии с их профессиональными интересами.
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6. Школьный год начинается в сентябре и заканчивается в июне.
7. Для развития общественных навыков и поощрения студенческого участия во внешкольной жизни в каждой средней школе имеется оркестр, музыкальный коллектив, хор, театральная студия, команда по футболу, баскетболу и бейсболу.
8. Образование в так называемых государственных школах является бесплатным.
9. Если студент намеревается получить степень Магистра, ему нужно учиться еще 2 года и провести исследовательскую работу.
10. Американские дети начинают посещение начальной школы в возрасте 6 лет.
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