Administration. State and Municipal Governments
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln is the most famous example of the **American dream». Many Americans think that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position in th*irland. That was exactlywhat Lincoln did. He was born in 1809 in a small farm in Kentucky. When Abraham was quite young, the family moved to the wild forest land of Indiana. He
hardly had any education; he only learned to read and write and do simple arithmetic. In 1830 Abraham left his father's farm and went to Springfield, Illinois. There he became a clerk in a store and worked hard to improve his education. In 1836 he became a lawyer.
He entered politics, too, and in 1834 became a candidate to the Parliament of Illinois. He soon became a force in the political life. In 1847 he went as a Congressman to the National Assembly (National Parliament).Slavery was then becoming a burning questions American politics. Many people in the Northern states wanted to abolish it, the Southern states
opposed the abolition. The Southerners said that it would mean economic ruin for them. The reason was that the prosperity of the South was based on cotton-growing, and only Negroes worked there. The Southerners threatened that if the North didn't ceaseits fight against slavery, the Southern states would leave the Union. They wanted to form an independent «confederacy»*. In 1860 Lincoln was elected President of the USA. In 1861 seven states left the Union and elected their own President, Jefferson Davis. The Confederacy was formed.Lincoln was strongly against slavery and even more strongly against the break-up of the Union. In 1862 the American Civil War between the North and the South began. At first the war went badly for the North. The Southerners headed by General Robert Lee and Colonel Jackson won some brilliant victories. But Lincoln did not lose courage. On April, 9 General Leesurrendered. The Civil War was over. Lincoln tried to convince former enemies that they should live in peace.On April, 14 the President and his wife visited a theatre in Washington. During the performance Lincoln was shot by an actor who supported Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln died next morning. People admire Lincoln for political moderation. They admire himbecause he tried to preserve the nation. He is a symbol of American democracy.
Абрахам Линкольн - наиболее известный пример ** Американской мечты ". Много Американцев думают, что в их стране человек может подниматься от самого низкого до самого высокого положения(позиции) в th*irland. Это было точноЧто Линкольн делал. Он был рожден в 1809 в маленькой ферме в Штате Кентукки. Когда Абрахам был весьма молод, семейство, перемещенное в дикую землю леса Штата Индиана. ОнЕдва имел любое образование; он только учился читать и писать и делать простую арифметику. В 1830 Абрахам оставил ферму его отца и пошел в Спрингфилд, Штат Иллинойс. Там он стал клерком в складе(магазине) и упорно трудился, чтобы улучшить его образование. В 1836 он стал адвокатом.Он вступил в политику, также, и в 1834 стал кандидатом к Парламенту Штата Иллинойс. Он скоро стал силой в политической жизни. В 1847 он пошел как Конгрессмен в Национальное собрание (Национальный Парламент).Рабство тогда становилось горящей политикой Американца вопросов. Много людей в Северных государствах хотели отменить это, Южные государстваПротивопоставленный(выступленный против) отмена. Южане сказали, что это будет означать экономическое крушение для них. Причина была на то, что процветание Юга было основаноПри хлопковым рост, и только Негры работали там. Южане угрожали бы этому, если Север не прекращался. Его борьба против рабства, Южных государствОставил бы Союз. Они хотели формировать независимую "конфедерацию" *. В 1860 Линкольн был избран Президентом США. В 1861 семьГосударства оставили Союз и выбирали их собственного Президента, Джефферсона Дэвиса. Конфедерация была сформирована.
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Линкольн был настоятельно против рабства и даже более настоятельно против разрыва Союза. В 1862 Американская Гражданская Война между Севером и Югом началась. Сначала война пошла ужасно для Севера. Южане, возглавляемые Генералом Роберт Ли и Полковник Джэксон выиграли некоторые блестящие победы. Но Линкольн не терял храбрость. 9 апреля Генерал ЛиОтданный. Гражданская Война была закончена. Линкольн пробовал убеждать прежних врагов, что они должны жить в мире.
14 апреля Президент и его жена посетили театр в Вашингтоне. В течение выполнения(работы) Линкольн был застрелен актером, кто поддержал Конфедерацию. Абрахам Линкольн умер следующим утром. Люди восхищаются Линкольном для политического замедления. Они восхищаются им.Потому что он пробовал сохранять нацию. Он - символ Американской демократии.
Administration. State and Municipal Governments
The governments of the 50 states have structures closely paralleling those of the federal government. Each state has a governor, a legislature and a judiciary. Each state has its own constitution.
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All state legislatures but one have two houses, Nebraska's being unicameral. Traditionally, state legislatures have been dominated by rural representatives who may not always be sympathetic to the needs of growing urban areas. Most state judges are elected.
State governments have functions, encompassing agriculture and conservation, highway and motor vehicle supervision, public safety and corrections, licensing, business and industry, and certain aspects of education, public health and welfare. These activities require a large administrative organisation, headed by the governor.
In most states there is also a lieutenant governor, not always of the same party as the governor, who serves as the presiding officer of the Senate. Other elected officials commonly include a secretary of state, state treasurer, state auditor and attorney general.
Municipal governments are more diverse in structure than state governments. There are three basic types: mayor-council governments, commission governments and council-manager governments.
In the first type, the mayor and the council are elected; although the council is nominally responsible for formulating city ordinances, which the mayor enforces, the mayor often controls the actions of the council. Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Seattle, Wash., are among those cities having the mayor-council type of government.
In the commission type, voters elect a number of commissioners, each of whom serves as head of a city department; the presiding commissioner is generally the mayor. Tulsa, Okla., and Salt Lake City, Utah, are included among the cities with commission governments.
In the council-manager type, an elected council hires a city manager to administer the city departments. The mayor, elected by the council, simply chairs it and officiates at important functions. Des Moines, Iowa, and Cincinnati, Ohio, have council-manager governments.
Государственное управление. Правительство штатов и муниципальное
Правительства пятидесяти штатов имеют структуру, которая точно повторяет структуру федерального правительства. В каждом штате есть губернатор, законодательный орган и судебная власть. У каждого штата есть своя конституция.
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За исключением однопалатного штата Небраска, законодательные органы всех штатов должны иметь две палаты. Традиционно в законодательных органах штатов доминируют представители сельских регионов, которые не всегда относятся с пониманием к проблемам урбанизированных областей, все больше разрастающиеся. Большинство судей штатов избираются.
Функции правительства штатов распространяются на сельское хозяйство и охрану природы, контроль над магистралями и автотранспортными средствами, общественную безопасность и исправительные учреждения, профессиональные лицензии, регуляцию бизнеса и промышленности внутри штатов, некоторые аспекты образования, здравоохранения и социального обеспечения. Для выполнения этих функций необходима большая административная организация, которая возглавляется губернатором.
В большинстве штатов есть также помощник губернатора, который не всегда принадлежит к партии, членом которой является губернатор, служащий в сенате. В число других руководителей, которые избираются, обычно входят секретарь штата, казначей штата, аудитор штата и главный прокурор штата.
Муниципальные правительства имеют более разнообразную структуру, чем правительства штатов. Существует три основных типа: управление «мэр-совет», правление комиссии и управление «совет-руководитель».
В первом случае избирается мэр и совет; хотя совет формально отвечает за формирование руководства, которое осуществляется мэром, мэр чаще всего контролирует действия совета. Бостон, Нью-Йорк, Филадельфия, Чикаго, Сиэтл (штат Вашингтон) относятся к городам, которыми руководит правительство типа «мэр-совет».
В случае правления комиссии, избиратели выбирают несколько членов комиссии, каждый из которых является главой городского ведомства; комиссией обычно руководит мэр. Талса (штат Оклахома) и Солт-Лэйк-Сити (штат Юта) — города, управляемые комиссией.
При управлении типа «совет-руководитель» избранный совет нанимает руководителя города, который руководит городскими ведомствами. Мэр, избранный советом, является председателем совета и исполняет важные функции. Дэ-Мойн (штат Айова) и Цинциннати (штат Огайо) управляются по такой системе.
An Ideal School
There are many arguments concerning the problem of what an ideal school should be like. Everyone has his or her own opinion of this problem. Teachers, parents and pupils are on opposite ends. Children like walking and playing games, so, of course, most of them want
a school to look like something where there are only friends, festivals, little homework and no difficulties. Most pupils do not like strict teachers and homework. Of course, such school cannot be an ideal one because thus it cannot follow the aim of education.
Most parents want their children to get an education. Most parents agree that teachers must be strict, know their subject very well and teach pupils. However parents also want their children to feel comfortable. So sometimes they argue about school uniform, the number of lessons and the amount of homework. Teachers dream of obedient and industrious pupils. As teachers have to do some paperwork, they want it to take less time to do the paperwork. Thus, they would have more time for preparing for lessons and teaching pupils. To know what an ideal school looks like, it is necessary to piece together all these considerations. So, an ideal school is a school where teachers know their subjects very well, know how to treat pupils and make the process of education interesting for pupils. Besides, there must be obligatory school rules agreed with parents and pupils’ demands. There should be no conflicts between pupils.
Существует много споров в отношении того, какой должна быть идеальная школа. У каждого свое мнение об этой проблеме. Учителя, родители и ученики по-разному смотреть на эту проблему. Дети любят гулять и играть в игры,поэтому, конечно, большинство из них хотят, чтобы школа представляла собой место, где есть только друзья, праздники, небольшие домашние задания и никаких трудностей. Большинство учеников не любят строгих учителей и домашние задания. Конечно, такая школа не может быть идеальной, потому что так она не может следовать цели образования. Большинство родителей хотят, чтобы их дети получили образование. Большинство родителей согласны с тем, что учителя должны быть строгими, хорошо знать свой предмет и учить учеников. Однако
родители также хотят, чтобы их дети чувствовали себя комфортно. Поэтому иногда они спорят о школьной форме, количестве уроков и объеме домашнего задания. Учителя мечтают о послушных и трудолюбивых учениках. Поскольку преподавателям приходится заниматься некоторыми документами, они хотят, чтобы на оформление этих документов уходило меньше времени. Таким образом, у них будет больше времени для подготовки к занятиям и обучения учеников. Чтобы узнать, что представляет собой идеальная школа, необходимо собрать воедино все вышесказанное. Итак, идеальной школой является школа, где учителя очень хорошо знают свои предметы, умеют общаться с учениками и делают процесс обучения интересным для учеников. Кроме того, должны быть обязательные школьные правила, согласованные с мнением родителей и учеников. Не должно быть конфликтов между учениками.
Animals at the zoo
There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?
I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.
However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.
In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.
Appearance
Appearance is the most evident part of a personality, everyone’s “facade”. It forms the first impression of a person and, at the same time, helps us to express ourselves. Although face features, physique, skin tone are inborn peculiarities, we can choose dress style and type of a haircut as well as decide what levels of neatness and athletics training are necessary for us. There are many sustainable notions and stereotypes tied with appearance: for example, someone dressed in clean and ironed clothes seems to be serious and responsible, a person who wears glasses – intelligent and highly educated. Often these notions are false, but people try to conform to them anyway.
It is possible to say that modern society is captured by the “cult” of appearance. The fashion industry, with special magazines, television programs, Internet resources, and books, determine the standard of beauty and elegance. Networks of boutiques and cosmetics shops become business empires, millions of girls and women follow diets to lose weight, and men build muscles in a gym… Some people even use plastic surgery to change their appearance.
In my opinion, appearance is a rather important aspect of life, but it is useless and dangerous to make it one’s main purpose. Pretty face and slim figure do not guarantee a successful career, true friends, or love. Besides, a standard of beauty depends on the culture, the epoch, and other factors. Therefore, the ideal appearance for me is natural, healthy, without artificial tanning and pretentious clothes. I suppose a person can look well without turning the beauty into addiction.
Внешность – это самая очевидная часть личности, «фасад» каждого. Она формирует первое впечатление о человеке и в то же время помогает нам выразить себя. Хотя черты лица, телосложение, оттенок кожи являются врождёнными особенностями, мы можем выбирать стиль одежды и тип стрижки, а также решать, какие степени опрятности и спортивной подготовки нам необходимы. Существует много устойчивых представлений и стереотипов, связанных с внешностью: например, человек в чистой и отглаженной одежде кажется серьёзным и ответственным, человек, который носит очки, – умным и высокообразованным. Часто эти представления ошибочны, но люди всё равно пытаются им соответствовать.
Можно сказать, что современное общество захвачено «культом» внешности. Модная индустрия – с особыми журналами, телепрограммами, Интернет-ресурсами и книгами – определяет стандарт красоты и элегантности. Сети бутиков и магазинов косметики становятся бизнес-империями, миллионы девушек и женщин сидят на диетах, чтобы похудеть, а мужчины качают мышцы в тренажёрных залах… Некоторые люди даже прибегают к пластической хирургии, чтобы изменить внешность.
На мой взгляд, внешность – это довольно важный аспект жизни, но бесполезно и опасно делать её своей главной целью. Симпатичное лицо и стройная фигура не гарантируют успешной карьеры, верных друзей или любви. Кроме того, стандарт красоты зависит от культуры, эпохи и других факторов. Поэтому для меня идеальная внешность – естественная, здоровая, без искусственного загара и вычурной одежды. Я считаю, что человек может выглядеть хорошо, не превращая красоту в зависимость.
At the airport
An airport is a place with a specific atmosphere. Airports are always overcrowded with people of different nationalities. Some of them are waiting for their flight and feel really enthusiastic about their forthcoming holiday. Some people, whose flights are delayed, look annoyed and exhausted. There are always people, who are waiting for someone, whom they have not seen for a long time.
A lot of staff is required to serve so many people. Work at the airport is both physically and mentally demanding. Everything should be done in time and in the most accurate way. Sometimes airport employees have to deal with unsatisfied passengers, that`s why it is of overwhelming importance for them to be stress-resistant and have problem-solving skills.
All airports lay special emphasis on customs control and inspection. It is vital to ensure a safe flight for passengers. There are lots of metal detectors and some other equipment, which helps security service to carry out the work in the most efficient way.
All passengers should first of all check in for their flight as well as deal with different formalities concerning their luggage. After that, they have to undergo the procedure of customs control.
As soon as this is done, they are allowed to go into the green zone. There are located numerous restaurants as well as duty-free area, where passengers can buy a number of items at attractively low prices because no customs duties are levied on these goods.
Generally, airports may be viewed as small towns with their own rules and atmosphere.
Аэропорт – это место с особой атмосферой. Аэропорты всегда переполнены людьми различных национальностей. Некоторые из них ждут своего рейса и воодушевлены предстоящим отпуском. Люди, чьи рейсы задержаны, выглядят раздраженными и уставшими. Также всегда есть люди, которые ждут в аэропорту кого-то, кого не видели уже долгое время.
Большое количество персонала требуется, чтобы обслуживать столько людей. Работа в аэропорту тяжела как физически, так и психологически. Все должно быть сделано вовремя и наилучшим образом. Иногда работникам аэропорта приходится сталкиваться с недовольными пассажирами, поэтому для такой работы крайне важно быть стрессоустойчивым и обладать навыками разрешения споров.
Во всех аэропортах особое внимание уделяется таможенному контролю. Важно обеспечить безопасный полет всем пассажирам. В аэропорту много металлоискателей и прочего оборудования, которое помогает службе безопасности осуществлять свою работу наилучшим образом.
Все пассажиры должны сначала зарегистрироваться на их рейс и разобраться со всеми формальностями, связанными с багажом. После этого они должны пройти процедуру таможенного контроля.
Как только это сделано, они могут пройти в зеленую зону. Там расположены многочисленные рестораны и зона дьюти фри, где пассажиры могут купить ряд товаров по привлекательно низким ценам, потому что данные товары не облагаются таможенными пошлинами.
В целом, аэропорт представляет собой «маленький город» со своими собственными правилами и атмосферой.
At the Doctors
It is winter now. It is often cold. I can't say that I can stand colds. So, sometime ago I suddenly fell ill. I mounted a high temperature. I had a running nose and a sore throat. Also I had a splitting headache and a cough. My whole body ached. My mother fixed me a hot lemonade but that didn't help me much. She wanted to give me some aspirin tablets too, but there weren't any in our house. My mother told me to stay in bed, then she called for a doctor. The doctor came, remove his coat and put on his white gown. The doctor asked me to strip to the waist. He examined my lungs, felt my pulse and blood pressure, took my temperature. Then he examined my throat and said that it was a little inflamed. He said that is was a light case of the flu and told me to stay in bed and to have a rest. He wrote a prescription for a gargle and cough medicine. Also he gave me some sulfa pills, a slip for X-Ray and blood examination. He prescribed cups and mustard plasters. The prescription, which the doctor left, was made up at the chemist's. I followed all the doctor's instructions and very soon I felt much better. In 10 days I fully recovered and resumed my studies.
Astana
Astana is a large and dynamic city where ancient Kazakh traditions coexist with innovative economy and infrastructure. It is a capital of Kazakhstan since 1998. The population of Astana is constantly growing; over a million people live there now.
Astana is an administrative center of the country: state public authorities (the official residence of the President, the Parliament, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, etc.) are situated there. The colossal Independence Palace hosts various national and international events: congresses, forums, as well as festive concerts and exhibitions.
The history of Astana is long and rich. According to archaeologists, some burial mounds on its territory were created in the Bronze Age. In the Middle Ages, there was an intersection of Asiatic trade ways, so the first settlements were built already in the 7th century. In the 19th century, the Russians founded there the Cossack fortress and then a town called Akmolinsk. Although the town developed rapidly, the capital of Kazakhstan in the USSR epoch was Almaty; the situation changed later.
Nowadays, Astana is an important transport junction and economic center. There are several machine building plants and energy companies. Numerous business centers (for example, Moscow-Park) form active trade and entrepreneurship.
Due to many interesting landmarks, Astana is attractive for tourists. National Museum of Kazakhstan, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Presidential Center of Culture are very popular. Some places are incredibly beautiful: for example, the pedestrian Nurzhol Boulevard, the river Ishim embankment, and the magnificent white Khazret Sultan Mosque.
Астана – большой и динамичный город, где древние казахские традиции сосуществуют с инновационными экономикой и инфраструктурой. С 1998 г. это столица Казахстана. Население Астаны постоянно растёт; сейчас там проживает более миллиона человек.
Астана является административным центром страны: государственные органы власти (официальная резиденция Президента, Парламент, Министерство иностранных дел и т.д.) расположены там. В колоссальном Дворце Независимости проходят различные национальные и международные мероприятия: конгрессы, форумы, а также праздничные концерты и выставки.
История Астаны длинна и богата. Согласно мнению археологов, некоторые курганы на её территории были созданы в бронзовом веке. В Средние века там находилось пересечение азиатских торговых путей, поэтому первые поселения были построены уже в VII веке. В XI
веке русские основали казачью крепость, а затем – город Акмолинск. Хотя город быстро развивался, столицей Казахстана в эпоху СССР была Алма-Ата; позднее ситуация изменилась.
В наши дни Астана – важный транспортный узел и экономический центр. В ней есть несколько машиностроительных заводов и энергетических компаний. Многочисленные бизнес-центры (например, «Москва-парк») формируют активную торговлю и предпринимательство.
Благодаря многим интересным достопримечательностям, Астана привлекательна для туристов. Национальный музей Казахстана, Музей современного искусства, Президентский культурный центр очень популярны. Некоторые места невероятно красивы – например, прогулочный Бульвар Нуржол, набережная реки Ишим и великолепная белая мечеть Хазрет-Султан.
At the Theatre
I will never forget my first visit to the Bolshoy Theatre. It was ages ago, but this stands out in my memory quiet vividly. My mother bought beforehand two tickets for a matinee performance of the ballet "Sleeping Beauty" by Chaikovsky. We came to the theatre long before the performance began. A sign at the entrance of the theatre said that "house full". Many people were standing at the entrance of the theatre asking if we had an extra ticket. We left our coats in the cloak-room and bought a program from the usher to see what the cast was. I remember we were glad to see that Ulanova was dancing the main part. When we came into the hall the orchestra were tuning in their instruments. We found our seats which were in the stalls and went exploring the theatre. My mother showed me the boxes, the pitm the dress-circle, the tieres and balconies. At 12 sharp the lights went down. The conductor appeared and the overture began. After the overture the curtain went up. I was in raptures at what I saw on the stage. I have never seen anything more wonderful. The scenery and the dancing were superb. The ballet seemed to me a fairy-tale. When the last curtain fell, the house burst out into applause. I applauded so much, that my hands ached. The cries of encore sounded all over the theatre. The dancers got many curtain calls and were presented with many flowers. The performance was a great success with the public. It was one of my brightest memories.
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Books and Reading
Books can fit almost every need, temper, or interest. Books can be read when you are in the mood; they don't have to be taken in periodic doses. Books are more personal and more impersonal than professors. Books have an inner confidence which individuals seldom show; they rarely have to be on the defensive. Books can afford to be bold, and courageous, and explanatory; they don't have to be so careful of boards of trustees, colleagues, and community opinion. Books are infinitely diverse; they run the gamut of human activity. Books can express every point of view; if you want a different point of view, you can read a different book. Reading is probably the most important skill you will need for success in your studies. You will have to read lengthy assignments in different subjects with varying degrees of detail and difficulty. If you read inaccurately, you will fail to understand some of the information and ideas you read. If you read slowly, you will have to spent too much time reading your assignments so that your other work may suffer. Poor reading may be a problem for you, but it is not a hopeless one. Like other skills your ability to read English rapidly and accurately will depend upon a careful instruction and purposeful practice. You must continue to practice on your own to improve your reading skill.
Reading speed is determined in part by how many words your eyes can see at a single glance. Here is a comparison of three different readers and how many stops their eyes make.
Slow Reader: Being і able і to read і by phrases і instead of і by single і words і results і from і practice.
Average Reader: Being able і to read і by phrases і instead of і by single words і results і from practice.
Fast Reader: Being able to read by phrases і instead of by single words і results from practice.
Notice that the slow reader's eyes must stop fourteen times, focusing on each word alone before they move on to the next. The eyes of the average reader stop six or seven times because they are able to see about two words at a single glance. The eyes of the fast reader stop only three times. They focus at the center of a phrase and see three or four words, then move rapidly to the next phrase. This ability to see words on either side of the point at which your eyes focus is called peripheral vision. As a foreign student of English, you may feel, that it is impossible to recognize so many words at a single glance. It is difficult for many native speakers, but it can be done - and must be done if you are to read as rapidly as you should. You can increase your peripheral vision by eye exercises.
BOOKS IN MY LIFE
A book is one of the greatest wonders of world. Why are so many people fond of reading? The world of books is full of wonders. Together with the characters of books you can find yourself in different and countries, have a lot of adventures. The book is a faithful friend. They form our values and characters. We try to look like the characters of your favourite books: to be brave, honest, not to be silly and greedy, to be real friends. We enjoyed the beauty and wisdom of fairy-tales and fables when we were babies and Granny read them. They taught us to be kind, clever, hardworking, to understand other people and help them. They teach us to understand the beauty of nature, take care of it, to love our homeland.
Books have been with us since childhood. Who hasn’t read «Alice in the wonderland», «Mowgli»? Who hasn’t travelled with Marry Poppins to her imaginary world? Who hasn’t imagined himself to be Robinson Crusoe on the deserted island?
I have read a lot of interesting books, but my favourite book is «The adventures of Tom Sawyer» by Mark Twain. This well-known book is popular with the children all over the world.
The main character of the book is Tom Sawyer, who lived in a small town on the Mississippi River. He was a boy with a wild imagination. He and his friends often dreamed of different adventures. Tom was naughty, kind and brave. Besides he was noble. I like this boy because he teaches us to be true friends.
If you are not fond of reading, take a book to your liking or borrow it from the library and read it. Books are worth reading. Readly, they are our good friends.
Книга - одни из самых больших чудес мира. Почему - так много людей, любящих читающий? Мир книг полон чудесами. Вместе с характерами(знаками) книг Вы можете находить себя в различном и страны, иметь много приключений. Книга - преданный друг. Они формируют наши ценности и характеры(знаки). Мы пробуем напомнить характеры(знаки) ваших любимых книг: быть храбрым, честным, не быть глупым и жадным, быть реальными друзьями. Мы наслаждались красотой и мудростью сказок и басен, когда мы были младенцы, и Гранни читает им. Они учили нам быть добрыми, умными, трудолюбивыми, понимать других людей и помогать им. Они учат нам понимать красоту характера(природы), заботиться о этом, любить нашу родину.
Книги были с нами начиная с детства. Кто не читал " Алиса в стране чудес ", "Mowgli"? Кто не путешествовал с, женятся На Poppins на ее мнимом мире? Кто не вообразил, что с& будет Robinson Crusoe на пустынном острове?
Я читал много интересных книг, но моя любимая книга - " приключения Тома Савиера " Марком Тваином. Эта известная книга нравится детям во всем мире.
Главный характер(знак) книги - Том Савиер, кто жил в маленьком городе на Реке Mиссиссипи. Он был мальчик с диким воображением. Он и его друзья часто мечтали о различных приключениях. Том был непослушен, добр и храбр. Кроме того он был благороден. Я люблю этого мальчика, потому что он учит нам быть истинными друзьями.
Если Вы не любите читать, брать книгу к вашей симпатии или заимствовать это от библиотеки и читать это. Книги стоят читать. Readly, они - наши хорошие друзья.
Books or computers
The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.
To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.
The Book I've Just Read
William Somerset Maugham's short stories are most fascinating. Not long ago I read one of his short stories, it is the story about a man who is very rich, very powerful, very intelligent, very successful in his career and yet he is most unhappy. His name is Lord Mountdrago (the story says: he was an able and distinguished man who was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs when he was still under forty. He was considered the ablest politician in the Conservative Party and for a long time directed the foreign policy of his country). One day he comes to Dr. Audlin who is a psychotherapist and whose reputation as a psychotherapist is very good. Dr. Audlin seems to be able to help almost everybody (the story says: he could relif certain pains by the touch of his cool, soft hands and by talking to his patients often induce sleep in those who were suffering from sleeplessness. He spoke slowly. His voice had no particular color, but it was musical, soft and lulling. Dr. Audlin found that by speaking to people in that low monotonous voice of his, by looking at them with his pale, quiet eyes, by stroking their foreheads with his long firm hands he could sometimes do things that seemed miraculous). Lord Mountdrago has a strange dreams. They get on his nerves. And he is afraid that he will go mad or commit suicide if it goes on like that every night. He says that his decision can affect the welfare of the country. When Dr. Audlin asks to describe one of his dreams, he begins: "the first I had was about a month ago. I dreamt that I was at a party at Connemara House. It was an official party. The King and the Queen were to be there and many prominent people too. Suddenly I saw a little man there called Owen Griffiths, who is a member of parlament from the Labour Party and to tell you the truth, I was surprised to see him there. The Connemaras were at the top of a marble staircase receiving their guests... Suddenly I noticed that the King and the Queen had come, turned my back on the Connemaras I understood that I had got my trouses on. You can't understand what I felt at that moment, an agony of shame. I awoke in a cold sweat and understood what it was only a dream". Dr. Audlin can't diagnose the case and soon he learns that Lord Mountrago has ruined his opponent in the House of Commons. Whose name is Owen Griffiths. He did cruely and mercilessly. His conscience has protested that injury he caused to Griffiths. The story has a tragic end. Lord Mountdrago is unable to get rid of his terrible dreams. He commits suicide. His antagonist suddenly dies too. The newspaper wrote that his death was supposed to be due to natural reason but we know that his death was supernaturally conditioned by Lord Mountdrago's tragic end. In conclusion we come to after having read that supernational forces effect our lives. No matter how sensitive or insensitive we might be to them. Thus the moral of the story is that doing good is the only certainly happy action of a man's life.
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