Freight and commercial operations at the arrival station

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The process of getting the train to the arrival station consists of 8 sequential operations:

1. Information sourcing of coming wagons

2. Acceptance of wagons and carriage document set

3. Arrival notification

4. Wagons spotting for unloading

5. Unloading of wagons

6. Storing cargo

7. Checking of shipment by the carrier

8. Wagons cleanout

It’s critical to have a time-sensitive information sourcing of coming wagons for the organization of the railway operation. Every freight station receives two types of information: upfront and accurate. Upfront information is received for 12 hours before the shift and contains the data on the number of wagons for loading or unloading. Accurate information is provided by telegraphic typewriter within 2-3 hours to forecast arrival of a train in the form of pencilled list of a train. One copy of the list shall be given to the station technology center and another copy is transmitted to the station master-on-duty. The engine-crew pass the document set to the operators of station technology center on the arrival of the train. The document set should be checked with arrived wagons, after which technical and commercial inspections of the rolling stock are performed.

The rail carrier is under the obligation to notify the recipient about the arrival of the cargo at the arrival station. If the carrier doesn’t send a notification, the recipient of goods is exempt from cargo storing charge after unloading. Wagons should be spotted to the empty point not later than 2 hours after the notification. The proof of wagons spotting is an acceptance agent record. The unloading of wagons is carried out by rail carrier on public-use railway tracks and by recipient of goods on non-public-use railway tracks.

RF Statute on Railway Transportation demands from recipient of goods well-timed cargo reception and supply clearance. According to the shipping rules, there is a limiting storage period for every kind of cargo. Arrived goods are stored at warehouses free of charge for 24 hours. If the cargo is stored at the warehouse for a longer amount of time, the recipient of goods is charged at the prevailing rate in accordance with the tariff provision.

The transportation process ends with exhausting a cargo. The carrier must hand over the railway waybill and deliver the goods to the recipient at the place designated for delivery against receipt and payment of the amounts due according to the contract of carriage. The railway waybill is issued at the transport service center upon the presentation of a document of identification (e.g. passport) or authenticated proxy. After the issuance of waybill (transportation fees), the recipient of goods signs at the railway memorandum bill and get the railway waybill. If the recipient avoids payments for additional costs of carriage and the expenses (e.g. transshipment charge, cargo storage charge etc.) the carrier shall have right of lien over the goods and accompanying documents in respect of all payments arising from the contract of carriage. The rail carrier has to notify the consignor and wait for an answer for 4 days. If there is no answer from the consignor, the carrier is entitled to sell the goods and to satisfy the amounts payable to it from the proceeds of the sale. If the proceeds of sale are less that those costs, the carrier shall be entitled to the difference. The carrier may sell the goods without awaiting instructions from the person entitled to dispose of them, if the goods are perishable or their condition warrants would be out of proportion to the value of the goods.

Before the delivering goods, rail carrier has to check the cargo upon occurrence of either one of the following events:

· On the arrival of the cargo in bar-order wagon or container with damaged seal and lock devices;

· On the arrival of the cargo with loss and damage claim;

· On the arrival of the cargo with shortfall or cargo damage;

· On the arrival of the cargo with exceeding the transit period or temperature abusing of perishable goods;

· On the arrival of the cargo which was loaded by the carrier.

After unloading, wagons shall be thoroughly cleaned on the inside and outside either by the recipient of goods or by the carrier, depending on which of them is responsible for unloading. As can be seen from the above, the freight transportation process is summarized in the figure 5.

Conclusions

In 2019, a long-term program for the development of Russian Railways until 2025 was approved, which includes the Digital Railway project. It is planned to attract up to 4 trillion rubles in private investments to finance the program. The volume of its state support will amount to 200 billion rubles. RUR 132 billion will be invested in corporate informatization of the transportation process. It is planned to invest 3.5 billion rubles in the creation of a unified intellectual system of control and automation of production processes on the railway transport.

The list of the key directions of development of the RZD information systems includes the formation of the unified information space for freight traffic and logistics. The digital platform for management and monitoring of transportation will ensure the tracking of the location and condition of goods, including the door-to-door service. Within the framework of the program, RZD will introduce a legally significant exchange of electronic documents with the participants of transportation and end-to-end use of digital transportation data. The most of information operations with documents could be realized with Blockchain technology. The test run of Blockchain is now executed at October railway for several clients in the port.

The document envisages the introduction by 2025 of platform solutions integrated with the RZD production systems. Within the framework of the departmental project of the Ministry of Transport "Digital transport and logistics", coordination and interaction with digital solutions of the transport complex will be ensured, electronic channels of interaction with market representatives and federal executive authorities will be created. It is planned to create digital services within the framework of cross-border cooperation, develop IT services, cloud applications and digital strategies to support RZD foreign activities.

As a result, it is expected that by 2025 RZD will be able to reduce the share of operating costs for information systems to 5% per year, and at least 75% of freight and related services will be available electronically. The share of electronic documents in the interaction with transportation participants should exceed 90%, and 55% of operations in the business processes of customer service will be performed without human involvement.

Receiving the negotiated shipment

Preparing the waybill for empty wagons

Checking the status of the waybill for empty wagons

Initiating a shipment for transportation

Technical inspection of wagons on arrival

Commercial inspection of wagons on arrival

Arrival notification a consignor

Arrival of wagons at the departure station

Notification a consignor about wagons spotting

Wagons spotting to the consignor's track

Executing a railway waybill

Issuance of waybill for arrival empty wagons

GPS-sensor installation

Picking wagons from consignor's line to the goods siding

Commercial inspection of wagons by acceptance agent

Notification of the completion of cargo operation by consignor

Executing a cargo operation

Information transfer about wagons’ picking to the station track

Making up of a train

Completion of executing a railway waybill

Train departure

Getting the train at the arrival station

Technical inspection of wagons by wagon-building workers

Arrival notification a recipient of goods

Checking a transit period

Recalculating a transit period

Commercial inspection of wagons by acceptance agent

Notification a recipient of goods about wagons spotting

Wagons spotting to the recipient’s track

Notification of the completion of cargo operation by recipient

Issuance of waybill

Executing an unloading operation

Picking empty wagons after unloading

Departure the cargo from terminal

Cargo arrival at the terminal

Fig.5 – Graphic model of the cargo carriage process

█ - consignor

█ - Transport Service Centre of Russian Railways

█ - departure station

█ - arrival station

█ - recipient of goods

References

1. Federal State Transport Statistics Service [Electronic source]. – Available at https://www.gks.ru/folder/23455

2. E. Chang, M. West, M. Hanzic, Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Telework, pp. 32-40 (2006)

3. S. Wang, J. Wan, D. Li, C. Zhang, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, pp.1-10 (2016)

4. Yasanur Kayikci, Procedia Manufacturing,21, pp. 782-789 (2018)

5. IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019 [Electronic source]. – Available at: https://www.imd.org/wcc/world-competitiveness-center-rankings/world-digital-competitiveness-rankings-2019/

6. Breaking blockchain open Deloitte’s 2018 global blockchain survey [Electronic source]. – Available at:

https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Energy-and-Resources/gx-us-fsi-2018-global-blockchain-survey-report.pdf

7. A.Yu. Popadyuk, E.K. Korovyakovskiy, Russian Journal of Logistics & Transport Management,4, pp.116-125 (2019)

[*] Corresponding author : antonpopadyuk1997@yandex.ru

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