Match the words in columns A and B to form collocations.
| A | B |
| to proliferate | attitudes |
| to generate | common foundations |
| nation | the divide |
| to transcend the | one’s economic interests |
| to absorb | hostility |
| to bridge | visions |
| to come to | Orthodox |
| to advance | to the roots |
| Slavic- | state |
| return | claims |
| to rest on | the fore |
| territorial | boundaries |
Pronunciation
Confucian
Catholic
heterogeneity
hierarchy
Translate into Russian
A civilization is thus the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species.
However strong the trade and investment links Japan may develop with other East Asian countries, its cultural differences with those countries inhibit and perhaps preclude its promoting regional economic integration like that in Europe and North America.
Comprehension Check
1. What are the phases of the evolution of conflict? Give them in the chronological order and characterize each phase briefly. Expand on new features of the latest phase.
2. What are the defining features of a civilization (objective and subjective)?
3. What are characteristics of a civilization in terms of: 1) their development and the end; 2) peoples involved?
4. What civilizations are there in the world today? Has it always been so?
5. What are the reasons for conflicts between civilizations?
a) What is meant by ‘fundamental differences among civilizations’?
b) How do people respond to more contacts between different civilizations?
c) What is the main source of identity today? Why has it changed?
d) What is meant by ‘indigenization’?
e) Why does the West play ‘a dual role’?
f) Why are cultural differences so difficult to reduce?
g) In what way are economic regionalism and civilization-consciousness interdependent?
6. What are the levels at which the clash of civilizations occurs?
Discussion
1. Give your opinion on Huntington's categorization of the world's civilizations.
2. Has the world actually witnessed a return to the roots phenomenon occurring among non-Western civilizations?
3. Did Yeltsin’s presidency see Russianization? Is it going on now?
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