Read and translate the following dialogue.
People set up different organizations for the purposes of charity. PLAN INTERNATIONAL UK is one of them.
Michael Aspel answers investor’s questions about PLAN INTERNATIONAL UK.
Mr.Barny. Can my help really make a difference?
M.Aspel. Yes, as a sponsor myself I can assure you of that. The proof is in all the schools and clinics, the new supplies of fresh water, and the wells and bridges that PLAN has helped to provide. And the many income-generating projects they've helped families to start.
Mr.Barny. How can I be sure my money will be well spent?
M.Aspel. PLAN takes pride in the fact that on average throughout the world, approximately 80p of every £1 contributed goes straight towards development work, with the absolute minimum being spent on administration. Your help will go to the village or area where your child lives - and every year you will receive a report from our local Field Officer to tell you what it has helped to achieve.
Mr.Barny. How will my Sponsored Child be chosen?
M.Aspel. When you apply to be a sponsor, you can choose whether you would like to sponsor a girl or a boy, and decide which area of the world you prefer. Your child will live in a village or community where PLAN International is already working and will be chosen by the family to represent them.
Mr.Barny. How often will I hear from my child?
M.Aspel. It depends. Some children love writing and send several letters a year, many with drawings of their homes and surroundings. Others are less communicative, and some (especially the younger children) may not be able to write. But PLAN'S Field worker will make sure you receive news of your child at least twice a year.
Mr.Barny. How long should I continue to be a sponsor?
M.Aspel. Children are normally sponsored until they reach the age of 18, or until they or their family need our help. But becoming a sponsor does not commit you to any fixed period. You can withdraw at any time if your circumstances change.
Task 1. Report the dialogue focusing on the aims of the organization and the ways they are achieved. Use the following reporting verbs:
| · to acknowledge that | · to emphasize |
| · to surmise that | · to find out if / whether |
| · to certify that | · to guess if / whether |
| · to explain | · to finalize the matter |
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Task 2. Imitate the dialogue as if Mr Barney speaks English and Mr Aspel speaks Russian through the interpreter.
Task 3. Search the Internet for further information about other international organizations with similar goals and functions. Write a magazine article about one of them in the form of a dialogue using the above given dialogue as a model.
Dialogue 2
Read and translate the following dialogue.
Creation and role of the international organizations
- Hi, Ann. I haven’t seen you lately. You look great! I hope you are all right.
- Hi, Tom! Are you kidding? I am at the end of my wits! We are having a seminar in Political Science tomorrow and I must prepare a report about international organizations. It’s all uncharted territory for me. What luck running into you! I need your help.
- Oh, dear!I would be happy to be of any use for you. What exactly would you like me to do?
- To begin with, I’d like to know why people created international
organizations. How did it happen that there was a real need in that?
- Ok. Let me think. Actually, the creation of international organizations on a wide scale in the 20th-century is the result of the progress in the technology of communication, transportation, warfare, and the spread of industrialization. These developments gave rise to a sense of interdependence among the peoples of the world, and made people recognize the importance of international co-operation to avoid the dangers, solve the problems, and use the opportunities which confront the society of nations on a world-wide scale. Some organizations are concerned only with single and relatively narrow problems, while others, such as the United Nations and the UNESCO, deal with a great variety of matters. Moreover, international organizations function as either intergovernmental or nongovernmental agencies.
- It sounds convincing. But can you be more specific, please. What about the European Union, for example in relation to this process?
- The European Union was created November 1, 1993 out of the European Economic Community.
- I see. But how did it happen, that the European Economic Community came into being?
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- The European Economic Community (EEC) was founded in 1957-58 to oversee the economic integration of the nations of Western Europe. In 1967 the EEC united together with the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community to form the European Communities, or EC.
- Now it’s clear. And as far as I can understand there is a close relationship between the European Community and The European Union. Moreover, I can say that the European Union is an organization of most of the states of western Europe that works toward and oversees the economic and political integration of these states. In fact, the European Union consists of the member states of the European Community.
- Yes. That’s it, clever girl!
- Furthermore, I know from or lectures on Political Science, that the original members of the EEC were Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom joined in 1973. Greece was admitted in 1981. Portugal and Spain entered in 1986. The former East Germany entered as part of re unified Germany in 1990. Greenland, a dependent state of Den mark that had been brought into the EC when under full Danish rule, withdrew in 1985. The Maastricht Treaty paved the way for other European countries to join the EU. Austria, Finland, and Sweden - all members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) - became members of the EU in 1995.
- Yes. It’s absolutely true! And do you know, how often the members of the
European Union meet?
- The European Union General Assembly meets once in four years. As a rule
the European Union member-states have regular annual meetings.
- That’s right. You are getting up, Ann.
- Yes, everything is clear now in general terms, but still there is one point
beyond me. It is the role of the international organization nowadays. Do you
know anything about it?
- Of course, I do. The influence of the international organizations is great. They
deal with political, social, and economic problems. They are concerned with
the environmental problems as well. For example, such international
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organization as the United Nations is aimed at modifications of the national
and international laws for the good of the people. The chief modification
introduced by the United Nations Charter is the limitation of the rights of
subjects of international law under international customary law to threaten or
resort to armed reprisals and war.
- And what are the results of the activity of the international organizations?
- Definitely, the results of the activity of the international organizations are significant. The UN General Assembly passed a number of resolutions and declarations. They are the Nuremberg Principles that dealt with crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity; genocide; the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the right of peoples and nations to self-determination; permanent sovereignty over natural resources; denuclearization; and non-intervention. The most important of them is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This general agreement that all human beings are entitled to some basic rights marked the birth of the international and universal recognition of human rights.
- Thank you, Tom! You are so resourceful! How kind of you to help me so much. Now I am ready to make a good report at the seminar tomorrow.
- The pleasure was mine, Ann. I am always at your disposal.
- Good-by, Tom. See you tomorrow after the seminar. I think we could have a cup of coffee together, if you don’t mind.
- A very good idea! I am looking forward to seeing you again, Ann. Good-by!
Task 1. Imitate the dialogue as if Ann speaks English and Tom speaks Russian through the interpreter.
Task 2. Report the dialogue focusing on the aims of the international organization and the ways they are achieved. Use the following reporting verbs:
| · to acknowledge that | · to emphasize |
| · to surmise that | · to find out if / whether |
| · to certify that | · to guess if / whether |
| · to explain | · to finalize the matter |
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Task 3. Do it in English :
A .
- способы (технологии) общения
- чувство взаимозависимости у народов мира
- избегать опасности
- работать по разнообразным вопросам
- в мировом масштабе
- важность международного сотрудничества
- начала свое существование
- наблюдать (контролировать) экономическое объединение
- как часть вновь объединенной Германии
- проложила путь для других Европейских стран
- члены Европейского Союза свободной торговли
- регулярные ежегодные встречи
- обновления национальных и международных законов
- на благо людей
- ограничение прав субъектов международного права
- согласно обычному международному праву
- прибегать к ответным военным действиям или войне
- право людей и стран на самоопределение
- постоянный суверенитет в отношении естественных ресурсов
- уничтожение ядерного оружия и невмешательство в другие страны
- всеобщее и международное признание прав человека
B .
Создание международных организаций в мировом масштабе в 20 веке это результат прогресса в технологиях общения, передвижения, благосостояния и развития индустриализации. Это развитие увеличило чувство взаимозависимости у народов мира и заставило людей признать важность международного сотрудничества, чтобы избегать опасностей, решать проблемы и использовать возможности, которые появлялись у сообщества стран в мировом масштабе. Некоторые организации имеет дело с единичными и относительно узкими проблемами, в то время, как другие, такие, как Организация Объединенных Наций и Юнеско, работают по многим другим разнообразным вопросам. Более того, международные организации функционируют как внутригосударственные, так и вне государственные представительства.
Влияние международных организаций велико. Они имеют дело с политическими, социальными и экономическими проблемами. Они занимаются и проблемами окружающей среды также. Например, такая международная организация, как Организация Объединенных Наций нацелена на обновление национальных и международных законов на благо людей. Главным изменением, введенным Уставом Организации Объединенных Наций, является ограничение прав субъектов международного права, в соответствии с общепринятым международным законом, угрожать или начинать ответные действия с применением оружия или войну.
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