Text E. A Dental course in the USA
A person wishing to get dental education usually spends about 9-12 years afterhigh school to become a practicing dentist. Any college student or graduate can apply for admission to the four-year program of dental surgery training. The average age of applicants is 24 years, so dentists are usually 30-32 years old when they start their practice.
Educational programs, which are very similar, are coordinated by the American Dental Association. It is mandatory for dental schools to be members of this Association. Each year the dental schools receive about 8,000 applications and admit 4,200 students, 36% of them being female.
The general admission requirements are as follows:
• Three or four years of college. Though a Bachelor's degree is not specially required, 75% of students in the freshmen's class have this degree.
• All applicants for admission are required to take the Dental Admission Test.
• They also must present two or three letters of recommendation.
• Selected applicants are invited to the school for a personal interview.
After admission a student spends four years in the dental school where he gets 5,000 hours of training, 80% of which are in clinical subjects, 17% in basic sciences and 3% in behavioral sciences, and graduates with a degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS).
During the first two years of study emphasis is placed on the basic sciences, the biological foundation of the dental profession. The basic sciences include Anatomy, General Histology, Oral Histology and Embryology, Microbiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology and Biochemistry. Students also study topics specific for dentistry, such as principles of occlusion, anesthesia and pain control, operative dentistry, facial growth and development, and preventive dentistry.
Students are introduced into the clinic during the first term and progressively become more and more involved in patient care. The final two years emphasize training and instruction in the clinical field, including endodontics, operative dentistry, oral diagnosis and treatment planning, oral radiology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, anesthesiology, orthodontics, etc.
After graduation young dentists are ready to take licensing examinations (both written and clinical).
Exercise 1.24. Make up 10 questions to the text in the way that the answers would make a summary of it.
G R A M M A R E X E R C I S E S
Exercise 1.25. Fill in the blanks putting the verb BE in correct forms:
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1) I … a first-year student. 2) Alex … absent today. He … ill. 3) At the University we … usually busy till 4.30 p.m. 4) The VolgSMU … a very famous medical university. 5) … you a dental technician? 6) My friend … not a student. He … an intern. 7) It … Wednesday today. 8) She … a dentist in 6 years. 9) I … a medical student. 10) I … a dentist next year. 11) Yesterday she … in the hospital. 12) They … in London last year, but now they … in Paris. 13) … it cold or warm today? 14) We … at the lecture in Chemistry. 15) It … Thursday yesterday.
Exercise 1.26. Study the following examples and translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
Present Simple:
It is necessary for students to work hard to pass their exams successfully.
It is useful for us to take notes of the lectures.
It is very difficult to study at a Medical University.
Past Simple
It was obligatory for all students to attend elective courses (курсы по выбору).
It was interesting for me to attend the dental conference in May.
It was important to revise all lecture notes before the final test.
Future Simple
It will be useful for you to make a review of literature before writing a report.
It will be important for students to take notes of tomorrow’s lecture.
It will be advisable for you to meet some new people at the dental conference.
Exercise 1.27. Change the sentences according to the pattern.
Pattern1: We find it difficult to study at a University.
It is difficult for us to study at a University.
Pattern2: He found it not easy to write the test.
It wasn’t easy for him to write the test.
Pattern3: We will find it difficult to pass the exam.
It will be difficult for us to pass the exam.
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1) I find it very important to study Medical English. He finds it not easy to study English. 2) They will find it very useful to read these books. 3) He considers it not necessary to read a review in a popular science magazine. 4) I found it interesting to meet some new people at the conference. 5) We will find it very interesting to participate in the conference. 6) They consider it necessary to demonstrate the technique. 7) They considered it possible to perform this laboratory work.
Exercise 1.28. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1) There are two terms in an academic year. 2) There will be a meeting at the University. 3) There is a hostel near our University. 4) There was no medical article in yesterday’s newspaper. 5) There were entrance examinations at the University in July.
Exercise 1.29. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb to be and translate the sentences into Russian:
1) There … a book on Anatomy on the desk. 2) There … a teacher and 12 students in the classroom. 3) There … 12 students and a teacher in the classroom. 4) There … some grammar mistakes in my last test. 5) There … many articles in this journal. 6) There … some new subjects in the curriculum next year. 7) There … many books in the library. 8) There … a notebook on my desk. 9) There … examinations at the end of the spring semester. 10)There … a number of credits at the end of the winter semester.
Exercise 1.30. Fill in the appropriate form of the verb to be. Make sentences negative and interrogative if possible.
1) There … only one faculty when Stalingrad medical institute was founded. 2)There … nine faculties at the university at present. 3) There … many new books in our library next year. 4) There … no one at home when I came. 5) There … something interesting in this article. 6) There … 15 students in our group. 7) There … 13 academic groups in the first year. 8) Last year there … 12 academic groups in the first year.
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