Middle English Grammar: Noun.

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1. Simplification of the Case system and Types of Declension in Middle English.

2. Means of Form-Building in Middle English.

3. Rise of the Article.

4. Middle English Pronouns’ System.

5. Cases and Prepositional Phrases in Middle English.

Middle English Grammar: Verb.

1. Historical Changes in the Verbal System. History of the Old English Categories of Tense, Number, Mood and Person.

2. Development of Analytical Forms and New Grammatical Categories in Middle English.

3. Strong and Weak Verbs.

4. Perfect, Continuous and Future Tenses.

Writings in Middle English.

1. Spelling Changes in Middle English. Establishment of the Written Standard.

2. Grammars and Dictionaries in Middle English.

3. Written Documents of Middle English.

Middle English Written Records.

1. Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (Peterborough Chronicle).

2. Poema Morale (“Moral Ode”).

3. Ormulum.

4. Brut by Layamon (a free rendering of the Brut D’Angleterre by Wace).

5. Political poems of 13-14th centuries.

6. The age of Chaucer.

Middle English Syntax.

1. Ways of Expressing Syntactic Connections.

2. The Complex Verbal Forms (The Perfect, the Continuous, Future Tense; Use of the Subjunctive Mood; The Passive).

3. Types of Phrases.

4. The Sentence. The Compound and Complex Sentences.

Modern English: Formation of the National Language

1. Spread of London Dialect in the 15^th Century.

2. Development of the Literary Language.

3. Expansion of English.

4. The English Language outside Europe.

5. The English Language in America.

Modern English: Enrichment of Vocabulary in the Renaissance Period.

1. Italian, Spanish and Latin Words.

2. Latinization of French Words.

3. Greek Words.

4. Mixed Vocabulary of English.

a) Borrowing of Colonial and French Words in the 17^th Century.

b) Borrowings of the 18^th – 20^th Centuries.

c) International Words.

Modern English: Some Grammatical Changes.

1. The Substantive: Development of Plural Forms and the Case System.

2. Verbs: Personal Endings and Tenses.

Билеты для зачёта по истории английского языка

1.	1. The Subject of History of English: The Reasons to Study the History of English. 2. Morphological Classification of Old English Nouns (Declension Types of Nouns). Traces of the Old English Declensions in Modern English. 3. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: The Scandinavian Invasion. 4. Rise of the London Dialect.
2.	1. The Subject of History of English: The Ties of the History of English with Other Branches of Linguistics; its Purpose and Methods of Studying. 2. Declension Types of Old English Adjectives. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Their Further History. 3. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: The Norman Conquest. 4. Changes in the Spelling System of Middle English.
3.	1. The Periods in the History of English. 2. Old English Pronouns. 3. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: Middle English Dialects. 4. Written Documents of Middle English.
4.	1. The Classification of Germanic Languages. Position of Germanic languages within the Indo-European family (main groups of languages, with special reference to Germanic, Celtic, Slavonic). 2. Old English Numerals. 3. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: English Versus French. 4. Scandinavian Influence on the Middle English Vocabulary.
5.	1. The First Germanic Consonant Shift. Development of the system of consonants in the pre-written period. 2. Grammatical Categories of Finite and Non-Finite Forms of the Old English Verb. 3. Middle English Vocabulary: Synonyms at Three Levels. 4. French Influence on the Middle English Vocabulary.
6.	1. Verner’s Law and Other Consonant Changes in Germanic. 2. Morphological Classification of Old English Verbs. 3. Middle English Vocabulary: French Loan-Words. 4. Word Building in Middle English.
7.	1. Vowel Gradation (Ablaut) in Indo-European and Germanic. 2. Old English Verbal System: Consonantal Type: the Consonantal Conjugation. 3. Middle English Vocabulary: Latin Borrowings. 4. Vowels in Middle English.
8.	1. Some Vowel Changes in Germanic Languages. 2. Old English Verbal System: Vocalic Type: the Vocalic Conjugation. 3. Middle English Vocabulary: Synonyms at Three Levels. 4. Consonants in Middle English.
9.	1. Basic Grammatical Features of Proto-Germanic. 2. Old English Irregular Verbs. 3. Innovations in Spelling in Middle English as Compared with Old English. 4. Ways of Expressing Syntactic Connections in Middle English.
10.	1. The Vocabulary of Proto-Germanic and Early Germanic Texts. Means of form-building in the pre-written period. 2. Old English Preterite-Present Verbs. 3. Middle English Written Records. 4. The Complex Verbal Forms in Middle English.
11.	1. Regional Dialects of Old English. 2. Traces of the Old English Verb Conjugation in Modern English. 3. New Spelling Conventions in Middle English. 4. The Perfect in Middle English.
12.	1. Anglo-Saxon Literature. 2. Phrases in Old English. 3. The Lengthening and Shortening of Vowels in Middle English. 4. The Continuous in Middle English.
13.	1. Old English Phonology: Old English Vowel and Consonant Symbols. 2. Functions of the cases in Old English. 3. Middle English Short Vowels. 4. Future Tense in Middle English.
14.	1. Old English Phonology: Diphthongisation before Velarised Consonants. 2. Ways of expressing syntactical relations: Agreement, Government, Joining. 3. Middle English Long Vowels. 4. Use of the Subjunctive Mood in Middle English.
15.	1. Old English Phonology: Diphthongisation after Palatal Consonants. 2. Sentences in Old English:The Simple Sentence. 3. Middle English Diphthongs. Development of Diphthongs Due to Vocalisation of Consonants. 4. The Passive in Middle English.
16.	1. Old English Phonology: Front Mutation. 2. Sentences in Old English: Main and Secondary Parts of the Sentence. 3. Middle English Consonants. The Rise of Sibilants and Affricates. 4. Types of Phrases in Middle English.
17.	1. Old English Phonology: Back Mutation. 2. Sentences in Old English: The Complex Verbal Forms. 3. Simplification of the Case system and Types of Declension in Middle English. 4. The Compound and Complex Sentences in Middle English.
18.	1. Old English Phonology: Some Minor Sound Changes. 2. Sentences in Old English: The Category of Mood. 3. Means of Form-Building in Middle English. 4. Formation of the National Language: Spread of London Dialect in the 15^th Century.
19.	1. Old English Phonology: Assimilative Changes of Vowels (Breaking, Palatal Mutation) and Their Traces in Modern English. 2. Sentences in Old English: Word Order and the Order of Clauses. 3. Rise of the Article in Middle English. 4. Formation of the National Language: Development of the Literary Language.
20.	1. Old English Vocabulary: The Resourcefulness of Old English Vocabulary. 2. Sentences in Old English: The Compound and Complex Sentence. Types of Clauses. 3. Middle English Pronouns’ System. 4. The History of the English Language outside Europe.
21.	1. Old English Vocabulary: Celtic Loan Words. 2. Sentences in Old English: Mixed Sentences. 3. Cases and Prepositional Phrases in Middle English. 4. The History of the English Language in America.
22.	1. Old English Vocabulary: Latin Borrowings. 2. The Subject of History of English: The Ties of the History of English with Other Branches of Linguistics; its Purpose and Methods of Studying. 3. Historical Changes in the in Middle English Verbal System. 4. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: The Scandinavian Invasion.
23.	1. Old English Vocabulary: Scandinavian Loan Words and Their Character. 2. The Periods in the History of English. 3. Development of Analytical Forms and New Grammatical Categories in Middle English. 4. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: The Norman Conquest.
24.	1. Old English Nominal System. Means of Form-building. 2. The Classification of Germanic Languages. Position of Germanic languages within the Indo-European family (main groups of languages, with special reference to Germanic, Celtic, Slavonic). 3. Strong and Weak Verbs in Middle English. 4. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: Middle English Dialects.
25.	1. Grammatical Categories of Old English Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns. 2. The Subject of History of English: The Reasons to Study the History of English. 3. Perfect, Continuous and Future Tenses in Middle English. 4. Historical Events Affecting the English Language and the Subjection of English in the Middle English Period: English Versus French.

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