Speak about the activities of the UNO.
24. Расскажите о значимости миротворческих операций ООН.
Describe the importance of UN peacekeeping operations.
(23) The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintain international peace and security, development of friendly relations among nations and promotion of better living standards and human rights. For the first time the name “United Nations” was used by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the Conference to ratify the United Nations Charter. The Charter was worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in 1944.The Charter was signed by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945. Thus, the United Nations day is celebrated on 24 October each year. The United Nations Organization conducts diplomatic talks, protects peace in the world, helps organize elections, disarms local armed groups, provides medical care and vaccination, discusses global issues, protects the environment,fights against global warming, helps restore economic life, provides assistance and resources, helps improve educational opportunities, organizes peacekeeping operations.
(24) Traditionally, UN peacekeeping meant the deployment of military personnel. The blue berets were deployed in zones of international conflict after a truce had been signed. From 1948 to 1989 there were two main types of UN missions. One was observer missions which included unarmed military observers. The other type was peacekeeping missions in which a UN force was deployed in an area of separation or buffer zone. In 1990 the idea of UN peacekeeping changed. Today’s peacekeepers often deploy to stop civil wars. Missions of today are more complex and have more objectives. For example, UN troops disarm and demobilize soldiers, help refugees to return to their homes and clear mines. In today’s peacekeeping missions there are many more civilian peacekeepers, including police officers, medical personnel, engineer, and drivers. These civilians build hospitals, schools and roads, and they supervise elections.
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