EXERCISE 23a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.
1. Are you telling me the truth, or did you _________ that _________?
2. You're going to a dangerous area. ________ _________ for muggers.
3. I have to _______ _______ on salt in my diet because of my high blood pressure.
4. We had to _______ _______ two trees to make room for the new swimming pool.
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5. ________ ________ of the water — someone saw a shark.
6. The soldiers in the fort couldn't ________ ________ against such a huge and powerful army.
7. The United States is ______ ______ of people from many different races and cultures.
8. It was too hard to work and go to school at the same time, so Todd had to ________ ________ of college.
9. Carmen can pay only half of the money she owes me, but Luis promised to ________ ________ the difference.
10. A group of concerned citizens is demanding that the police ________ ________ on prostitution in their neighborhood.
11. The bank robbers ______________ in a white sedan with Florida license plates.
12. When the President walks past you, ________ your hand ________ and maybe he'll shake it.
13. I really need a vacation. I haven't ________ ________ in three years.
14. I told my son that if he can't ________ ________ of trouble, I'm going to send him to military school.
15. The airline pilots are ________ ________ for a 15 percent raise, and they will not accept anything less.
16. The store's closing in five minutes, so you need to ________ ________ your mind about which pair of shoes you want.
17. After fourteen years he thought he had ________ ________ with the murder, but he was wrong.
18. All Joe does is complain and criticize. I need to ________ ________ from him.
19. Mike didn't come home until 4:30 in the morning, and his father was furious that he _______ ________ so late.
20. He thinks he's so smart. I hope someone _______ him _______ to size someday.
21. Be careful about how much you spend — this money has to ________ ________ | until payday.
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22. Bob and Marsha had a big argument, but they ________ ________ with each other and now everything is okay.
23. The professor warned the students that if they missed the final examination, they could not ________it________.
EXERCISE 23b — Complete the sentences with the correct second particles.
1. The principal is going to crack down ________ smoking in the bathroom.
2. If you want to lose weight, cut down ________ cake and cookies.
3. He dropped out ________ college before graduation.
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4. After Jake robbed the liquor store, he was arrested and sent to jail. He didn't get away ________ robbing the liquor store.
5. The French workers are holding out_______ a 100 percent raise and a two-day workweek.
6. There are a lot of rattlesnakes around here, so watch out ________ them.
7. Timmy's mother told him to stay out ________ the cookie jar.
EXERCISE 23c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.
1. The union members are on strike, and some will not go back to work unless they get the 10 percent raise they demanded in the beginning. What are the union members doing?
2. Some union members accepted a 7 percent raise and went back to work, but not the union members in Question 1. What would you call the union members in Question 1?
3. Jim and his sister had a big fight, but they apologized to each other, and now everything is okay. What did Jim and his sister do?
4. Jake stopped going to high school before he graduated. What did Jake do?
5. In Question 4, what is Jake?
6. You considered buying either a Toyota or a Nissan, and then you made your decision. What did you do?
7. My elbow is very sore, so my doctor told me to play less tennis. What did my doctor tell me?
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8. Most of the Democrats will vote in favor of the new law, but a few are resisting pressure to vote yes. What are the Democrats who don't want to vote yes doing?
9. In Question 8, what are the Democrats who don't want to vote yes?
10. Mr. and Mrs. Ortega went to a party and didn't come home until 3:00 a.m. What did they do?
11. The explorer's supply of food and water has to last for three months. What does the explorer's supply of food and water have to do for three months?
12. Erik invented a funny story for his daughter. What did Erik do?
13. In Question 12, Erik's funny story wasn't true. How would you describe it?
14. Mr. Flores cheats on his taxes, but so far he hasn't been caught. What has Mr. Flores done so far?
15. There are a log of big trucks on the road, so when you drive, you have to be careful. What do you have to do when you drive?
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16. The police are going to start working harder to prevent crime. What are the police going to do?
17. In Question 16, what can you call the plan to work harder to prevent crime?
EXERCISE 23d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.
| aim at, 19 | fall apart, 17 | stand around, 18 |
| believe in, 16 | get through, 16 | tell apart, 18 |
| break through, 18 | go for, 16 | think about, 16 |
| burn up, 22 | grow out of, 17 | wipe up, 22 |
| come over, 17 | hold off, 16 | |
| count up, 22 | put past, 16 |
1. Do you want these baby clothes? My daughter has ________ ________ _______ them.
2. It's always a good idea to ________ ________ installing a new software version until they get all the bugs out.
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3. Get a paper towel and ________ ________ the grape juice you spilled.
4. I'm not sure what I will do. I have to ________ ________ it.
5. I have a lot of work to do, so I probably won't ________ ________ until 4:00.
6. The twins look exactly like each other. How do you ________ them ________?
7. The walls of this fort are ten feet thick. No one could ________ ________.
8. We finished our card game, and Sean ________ ________ the points.
9. The new law is ________ ________ reducing air pollution.
10. I need to fix this table. It's ________ ________.
11. Rac|tiel suggested moving to the suburbs, and her husband ________ _______ the idea.
12. That guy's a lunatic. There's nothing I wouldn't ________ ________ him.
13. We________________the old wood in the fireplace.
14. My niece is thirteen years old, but she still ________ ________ Santa Claus.
15. The sign in the store window said they open at 10:00, but we had to ________ ________ until 10:20 before they opened the doors.
16. Would you like to ________ ________ to my house tonight and have dinner?
24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2
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As we saw in Section 5, two-word phrasal verbs are sometimes accented on the verb and sometimes on the particle. Two-word nouns, however, are always accented on the verb even if it is the particle of the two-word verb that is accented:
verb: SHOW off noun: SHOW-off verb: slow DOWN noun: SLOWdown
| Infinitive | |||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle |
| come down | |||
| come down & comes down | coming down | came down | come down |
1. come down (to) p.v. When someone moves toward you to a lower level position, or from north to south, that person comes down or comes down to where you are. Come up is the opposite of come down.
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It's been raining for an hour! It's really coming down.
My friend from Canada comes down to visit us in New Mexico once in a while.
2. come down p.v. When you move to a lower level socially or financially and receive less respect from other people because of this change, you come down in life.
Hank certainly has come down in life — he lost his job, house, and family because of his gambling problem.
Mark used to be so successful, but now he has so many problems. He has really come down in life.
comedown n. A comedown is a move to a lower level socially or financially that causes you to receive less respect from other people.
A few years ago he was the manager of this restaurant, but now he's only a waiter — what a comedown.
3. come down (to) p.v. When you lower the price you are asking for something, you come down or come down to a lower price.
/ won't buy her car unless she comes down to $ 12,000.
The union won't come down a nickel in its salary demands.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| Let up | ||||
| let up & lets up | letting up | let up | let up | |
1. let up (on) p.v. When something becomes less strong, less intense, or less severe, it lets up.
The rain finally let up yesterday.
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Mike's parents are very strict with him. He's only a boy. They should let up on him.
letup n. A letup is a reduction in how strong, severe, or intense something is.
There was no letup in terrorist bombings after the peace treaty was signed.
Print out
print out & prints out printing out printed out printed out
1. print ...out p.v. When you make a computer write something on paper, you print it out.
After I finished writing my letter, I printed it out and signed it.
I can't print this out — my printer is broken.
printout n. When you make a computer write something on paper, the paper is a printout.
/ put the printout of the October sales report on the sales manager's desk.
Shake up
shake up & shakes up shaking up shook up shaken up
1. shake... up p.v. When something upsets, shocks, or frightens you badly, it shakes you up.
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Seeing all those dead bodies sure shook me up.
I was really shaken up when I learned that my uncle had been killed.
shaken up part.adj. When something upsets, shocks, or frightens you badly, you are shaken up.
Leave Frank atone. He just got some bad news, and he's a bit shaken up about it.
2. shake ...up p.v. When you mix something by shaking it, you shake it up.
You have to shake up Italian dressing before you open the bottle.
Did you shake this can of paint up?
3. shake... up p.v. When you make major changes in an organization or business, you shake it up.
The new CEO shook up management at my company, and a lot of people lost their jobs or were transferred.
People are getting a little lazy around here. It's time to shake things up.
shake-up n. A major change in an organization or business is a shake-up.
There was a big shake-up at my company, and a lot of people lost their jobs or were transferred.
| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| show off | ||||
| show off & shows off | showing off | showed off | shown off | |
1. show... off p.v. When you show off, you let people see something you have or something you can do in a very obvious and excessive way.
Sally's boyfriend gave her a huge diamond engagement ring, and she showed it off to all her friends. The boy was showing off by riding his bicycle with no hands when he fell and hurt himself.
show-off n. Someone who shows off is a show-off.
Did you hear Alfonso speaking French at the party so everyone could hear?
What a show-off!
Slow down
slow down & slows down slowing down slowed down slowed down
1. slow... down p.v. When something causes people or things to do something more slowly, it slows them down.
I was driving pretty fast, but I slowed down after I saw the police car. Production at the factory slowed down when half the workers got sick.
slowdown n. When people or things do something more slowly, a slowdown occurs.
The snow caused a big slowdown on the highway this morning.
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| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| stop over | ||||
| stop over & stops over | stopping over | stopped over | stopped over | |
1. stop over p.v. When you interrupt a journey (usually an airplane journey) for a short stay somewhere, you stop over.
David stopped over in London on his flight from New York to Moscow.
Stopping over in Dubai on the way to Bangkok wasn't any fun — we couldn't even leave the airport.
stopover n. When you interrupt a journey for a short stay somewhere, usually an airplane journey, you make a stopover.
/ flew from Istanbul to Philadelphia with a four-day stopover in Amsterdam.
2. stop over p.v. When you visit someone for a short time, you stop over.
Would you like to stop over after dinner and see our vacation pictures?
Can you vacuum the living room, please? The Youngs are stopping over tonight, and I want the place to look nice.
Trade in
trade in & trades in trading in traded in traded in
1. trade ... in p.v. When you give an old car or other piece of expensive equipment to someone you are buying a new car or piece of equipment from in order to get a lower price, you trade the old car or piece of equipment in.
After the twins were born, Raul traded his pickup truck in for a station wagon.
We'll get a good price on our new photocopier if we trade in our old one.
trade-in n. An old car or piece of equipment that you trade in for a newer one is a trade-in.
Most of the used cars sold by dealers are trade-ins.
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