Early Renaissance (1558-1625)
Elizabethan Architecture(1558-1603). The reign of Elizabeth witnessed the establishment of the Renaissance style in England. Elizabethan architecture, which followed the Tudor, was a transition style with Gothic features and Renaissance detail. This architecture was secular rather than ecclesiastical in its nature.The great houses throughout the English countryside displayed many new combinations of features. Towers, gables, parapets, balustrades and chimney-stacks produced an effective skyline, and walls were enlivened by oriel and bay-windows. Mansions were set in a framework of formal.gardens.Jacobean Architecture(1603-25). The architecture of the reign of James I inherited Elizabethan traditions; but the sober regularity of Classic columns and entablatures gradually replaced the picturesque irregularity of Elizabethan architecture. Buildings still continued to be for domestic rather than for religious use. Furniture became more abundant in quantity and more decorative in quality.
Late Renaissance (1625-1803)
Stuart Architecture(1625-1702). The term "Stuart" is used for the architecture of the period from the reign of Charles I (1625-49) to the reign of William and Mary (1689-1702).
In England the character of Renaissance architecture was chiefly determined not by national traditions and developments, but by the personality and training of individual architects, and naturally the greater their genius, the greater was their influence on architecture, on the men who surrounded them, and even on those who came after them. In England Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren dominated English architects.
Georgian Architecture(1702-1803).Many pupils and followers of lnigo Jones and Wren were men of general culture and many-sided in their artistic activities.
Sir John Vanbrugh was a writer of dramas as well as designer of palaces, besides being a military officer, a wit and a courtier. James Gibbs built much and published his architectural designs in book form.
The relationship of architect-patron-builder was changing. With a new stress on elegance, purity and correctness, architecture was becoming more a matter for scholars rather than builders. The evolution of a purely English type of house from the formal Stuart period was now effected. English architecture, however, which during this period was still chiefly civic and domestic, shows the influence of Italy. A passion for symmetry and for ornate exteriors too often dominated the design, regardless of internal comfort and convenience, especially in the larger mansions.The character of Georgian houses was influenced by Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren. The smaller houses of the simple block plan derived from the type seen in the Queen's House, Greenwich, and the larger mansions, with their pediments and porticoes and symmetrically situated wings, were founded upon the country mansions designed by Palladio which Inigo Jones introduced into England.
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12) Neo-Gothic
Neo-gothic was firstly used in England in the middle of 19th century. The finest imitation of Gothic architecture appeared in the early 18th century. Buildings of this time were decorated with garden ornaments and were more Rococo than Gothic in Spirit. In the countries in which Gothic architecture was most in evidence – England, France and Germany. The Gothic Revival was left with most force but with their own characteristics.
9) Romanesque Architecture
This is subdivided into pre-Romanesque that is Lombardi, Carolingian and Otonian styles and Saxon and proper Romanesque ones which. Began in 1000 AD. The pre-Romanesque architects had characteristic feachers: the semicircular arch, and simplified from of the Corinthian column and thinner webs used by the Romans.
This period lasted two centuries and this architectural work consists of monasteries, cathedrals, churches, Very few domestic buildings are left. The greatest examples of this style are Benedictine abbey church in Normandy, S. Ambrogio in Milan, Italy and Augsburg Cathedral in Germany.
London
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