Progressive, regressive and reciprocal

Соня

№ Question Answer

1 Which tone can encourage further conversation, be wondering, mildly puzzled, soothing? LOW RISE

2 What meaning does the Fall-Riseexpress in the response?We’ll go there. – You

shan’t. A contradiction

3 What are the adjoining unstressed syllables called when they precede the stressed syllable? proclitics

4 What is the core component of intonation?THE PITCH

5 Write the syllables which make the head of the tone unit: “I’ll ask what to do” ii (я хз этот вопрос,нигде ниче не могу найти)

6 How many rhythmic groups are there in “Thank you for the present”? 2

7 How many major components does intonation consist of? Intonation is based on several key components:Ø Pitch,Ø Sentence stress,Ø Rhythm

8 What tone expresses the speaker’s active searching for information? high rise

9 Intonation is a language … universal

10 Pitch movements, loudness and tempo form … prosodic components of intonation

11 Give synonyms to the term “semantic centre” Meaning of words, the focus

12 The pre-nuclearpart of the intonation pattern is called the pre-head.

13 What are the types of the pre-nucleus?they are low and high

14 Pitch ranges can be normal, wide, narrow

15 Pitch levels may be mid, high, low

16 The rate of the utterance and pausation are called tempo

17 Pauses may be short,longer,very long. Functionally pauses may be syntactic,emphatic,and hesitation.

18 D. Crystal distinguishes emotional, grammatical, informational, textual, psychological, indexical functions of intonation, while P. Roach summarizes them into 4 types. They are the attitudinal function ,the accentual function ,the grammatical function ,the discourse function

19 The given information is called old, while the new information is termed mentioned for

The first time/rheme/comment.

20 Larger units of connected speech are the domain of syllables, words, phrases and texts.

 

1. When a conversation begins, the focus/ the semantic center is usually on the…last contentword ( ключевоеслово )

2. By the position in relation to stress syllables can be designated …., …., ….

PRETONIC, TONIC, POSTTONIC (Any syllable which is not tonic is ATONIC/ненаголошений).

3. According to … English vowels are subdivided into monophthongs and diphthongs.

The stability of their quality

4. In Germanic Languages, the word stress originally fell on the initial syllable or second syllable in the English words with prefixes. The tendency was called …

Recessive.

5. Pitch levels may be …, ….

High , medium and low

6. A final syllable contains ow ( follow, borrow) it is…

Unstressed

7. Nasal consonants in English

There are three nasal consonants in English /m, n, N/. All of them are voiced.

8. When the glide is stronger than nucleus, the diphthong is called…

Rising

9. In English the syllable is formed by any vowel alone or in combination with one or more consonants – not more than… preceding and not more than … following it.

3;4

10. The falling tone of any level and range expresses “…”, “…”.

certainty, completeness , and independence

11. The rate of speech can be…

Calculated in syllables per minute

12. If the final syllable contains a short vowel and one final consonant (open, enter), the first syllable is...

Stressed

13. The centering diphthongs are vowels where the movement is towards the…

schwa.

14. There are some changes in articulation of allophones that occur under the influence of the neighboring sounds in different phonetic situations. Such allomorphs are called…

Subsidiary

15.  The term Phonetics comes from the Greek word …

“phōneticòs”, which means “pertaining to voice and sound”.

16. The function of the vowel cords consists in their role as a … set in motion by the air stream sent by the lungs.

Vibratorset

17.  The science that studies the way in which pronunciation interacts with society is called …

Sociophonetics

18. … are consonants that are produced by impeding, but not completely blocking the air flow.

Fricatives

19.  When the nucleus is stronger than the glide, the diphthong is called…

Falling

20. Every English syllable has a center or … - a vowel or a sonorant. It may be preceded by non- callable elements which constitute the… or followed by non-syllable elements which constitute the…

Peak;onset;coda

ПОЛЯ

                   Test 1.

1 People engaged in the study of phonetics are called …phoneticians

2 People engaged in the study of phonology are called … phonologists

3 Variations in pitch, prominence, and tempo are called …prosodic/suprasegmental

4 The basic component of the phonic substance of language is called … segmental

5 A unit of spoken message larger than a single sound and smaller than a word is called … syllable

6 Pronunciation features in a foreign language influenced by the mother tongue are called … accent

7 How many aspects does the problem of word stress have? 3

8 How many components does the phonic substance of language consist of? 4

9 The amount of perceptual prominence given to particular words/syllables in an utterance is called … utterance stress

10 What features are superimposed on the segmental chain of sounds? Prosodic

11 Is the statement true or false: English makes use of stressed syllables separated by equal number of unstressed syllables?False

12 Give the name of the founder of phonology. Nickolai Trubetskoi

13 A sequence of words spoken in a single breath, a stretch of speech which has describable melody is called … tone unit

14 Knowledge, a code which is known and shared by speakers who use their knowledge for transmitting and interpreting verbal messages in these events is called … language

15 An activity which is carried on numerous events is called … speech

16 Phonetics whose domain is the larger units of connected speech: syllables, words, phrases and texts is called … suprasegmental

17 The part of phonetics which is concerned with individual sounds is called …segmental

18 The part of phonetics which is mainly concerned with the functioning of phonetic units in the language is called …Theoretical

19 The science that studies the ways in which pronunciation interacts with society is called … Sociophonetics

20 The science that investigates a wide range of phenomena from acoustic phonetics to language pathology is called … Phonology

 

ВИКА

№	Question	Answer
1	Factors lying outside any possibility of signalling linguistic meaning are called …	extralinguistic
2	Information about stylistic variations in learning, understanding and producing	teaching phonetics
	language is studied by …
3	The branch of linguistics that is primarily concerned with the problem of functional	functional stylistics
	styles is called …
4	A functional set of formal patterns into which language means are arranged in	functional style
	order to transmit information is defined as …
	The science that studies the way phonetic means are used in this or that particular	Phonostylistics studies
5	situation, which exercises the conditioning influence of a set of extralinguistic
	factors, is called …
6	Extralinguistic situation can be defined by three components: …	purpose, participants, setting
	The cooccurrence of two or more interlocutors related to each other in a particular	a speech situation
7	way, having a particular aim of communicating about a particular topic in a
	particular setting is defined as …
8	What directs the activities of the participants throughout a situation to complete	The purpose which is of interest to us
	a task?
9	Individuals taking part in a communicative event are called …	rkuinterlocutors or participants
	The component of something associated with the role structure in the family
10	and in social groups, with the assignment of authority and status, and with the attribution of different levels of competence is called …	варпgender
11	Is the following statement true or false: “Gender differences in pronunciation are	fals false
	less numerous than differences in grammatical form”.
12	The component of situation defined among other features by the physical	setting, orscene
	orientation of participants is called …
13	What phonetic factor is the purpose or the aim of the utterance?	declarative, interrogative, exclamative, and the imperative
14	The language user’s strategy can be called the speaker’s …	linking speech/liaision
15	If the language user considers the situation from his point of view, reveals his
	personal interest and participation in what he is saying, we speak about …	speaker's attitude
16	The two forms of communication are called …	written and spoken verbal and nonverbal, monologue and dialog
17	Considering a communicative situation from the point of view of sociolinguistics
	we can speak of the dichotomy …	formal and informal
18	When a speaker is listened to by a group of people, speech is qualified as … and	public and is opposed to non-public
	is opposed to …
19	The actor’s and the lecturer’s speech as opposed to classroom teaching,	mainstream or contemporary RP
	television and radio interviews can be characterized as …
20	Parts of the utterance that express its main contents are called …	theme and rheme

КСЮ

№	Question	Answer
1	From the acoustic point of view vowels are called the sounds of …	ыthe sounds of voice
2	Vowels have no …	place of obstruction
3	Sounds whose phonetic content is predominantly made up by the sound waves	Sonorants
	produced by their voicing are called …
4	A monophthong, half-long,lax, unrounded, front, low / open vowel phoneme of the	[æ] [æ]
	wide variety
5	A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of	[з:]
	the narrow variety
6	A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, back, low / open vowel phoneme of the	[a:]
	wide variety
7	A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back advanced, low / open vowel phoneme of	[ ɒ ]
	the wide variety
8	A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, front, high / close vowel phoneme of the	[i:]
	narrow variety
9	A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the	[ ٨ ]
	wide variety
10	A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide	[u]
	variety
11	A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the	[ ٨ ]
	wide variety
12	A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, mid / half-openvowel phoneme of	[e]
	the narrow variety
13	Change of consonant or vowel quality, loss of consonants or vowels, and even loss	coarticulatory/adjustment phenomena
	of entire syllables in connected speech are called …
14	The process under which a diphthong optionally loses its second element before	Smoothing
	another vowel, or it is monophthongized, is called …
15	Vowels are subdivided into …	diphthongs and monophthongs.
16	The position of the tongue in the mouth cavity is characterized from two aspects:	horizontal and vertical movement.
	…
17	Traditionally three lip positions are distinguished: …	spread, neutral and rounded
18	What articulatory feature characterizes the state of the organs of speech at the	tenseness
	moment of producing a vowel?
19	In what positions does the shortening of a vowel length occur?	unstressed positions
20	What changes are vowels of full value subjected to in unstressed syllables?	They are subjected to qualitative changes, e.g. man [mæn] –  sportsman ['spɔ:tsmən] The quality of the vowel is reduced to the neutral sound [ə]

№	Question		Answer
1	How many aspects of speech sounds are distinguished?		4 – Articulatoty, Acoustic, Auditory, Functional.
2	How many major types can speech sounds be subdivided into according to the		2: vowels and consonants.
	specific character of the work of the speech organs?
3	[r], [w], [j] are termed …		Consonants consonants
4	Sounds in the production of which the soft palate is lowered, and the air escapes	nasal occlusive sonorants [m], [n] and [ŋ]
	through the nose are called …
5	A labial, labio-dental,constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme		/f/

Аня + Саша

6     An alveolar-apical,constrictive, fricative, lateral sonant  /l/

7     A glottal, constrictive, fricative, fortis consonant phoneme /h/

8     A post-alveolar,constrictive, fricative, medial sonant      /j/    

9     A forelingual, palato-alveolar,constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant        

       phoneme /ʒ/

10   A lingual, backlingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant      /ŋ/

11   A labial, bilabial, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant   /w/

12   A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme /k/

13   A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar,constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /r/

14   A forelingual, interdental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant        

       phoneme    / θ /

15   A voiceless affricate /tʃ/

16   How many consonant phonemes re there in RP? 24    

17   The founder of the phoneme theory is  Baudouin de Courtenay

18   Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called … distinctive/relevant   

19   Allophones that are free from the influence of the neighbouring sounds and are most representative of the phoneme as a whole are called …      typical or principal and subsidiary

20   Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighbouring speech positional and combinatory sounds (assimilation, adaptation, accommodation) are called  positional and

Combinatory

21   What is the principal function of the phoneme?  Constitutive

22   The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called … nondistinctive, irrelevant or redundant

               

23   The phonemes of a language form a system of … sounds

24   The ability to produce English with an English-likepattern of stress and rhythm stress-timing (the placement of stress on selected syllables)

 

 25  Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant are termed … Assimilation/reduction. Oppositions     

26   A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed …   Elision/ellipsis.        

27   Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next one is called …  linking (or liaison)

 28  Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa adaptation or accommodation

       are called …  

29   Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is called …       Epenthesis  

30   The process when two syllables, usually both weak, optionally become one is called   Compression

31   According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the partial, total neighbouring C, assimilation may be … partial, total

32   What are the most common types of assimilation in English? anticipatory (or regressive)

Progressive, regressive and reciprocal

               

33   What type of assimilation occurs in the contractions it’s, that’s Progressive assimilation

               

       What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second      

34   consonant in a cluster fuse and mutually condition the creation of a third consonant with features from both original consonants? Coalescent (RECIPROCAL) assimilation.

           

35   Give an example of affricatization. The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" (broadly transcribed as [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] in the IPA). The voiceless affricate is [tʃ] as in chain, whereas [dʒ], as in jelly, is voiced. This assimilation occurs most frequently when final alveolar Cs [t], [d] are followed by initial palatal [j].

36   Linking andintrusive r are special cases of  juncture

37   Define the type of assimilation in ten mice [tem mais]    Total assimilation

38   “Glottalizing” may be used as an allophone of the phoneme … /t/

39   Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of button ['b٨tən] – ['b٨?n]      T-glottalization

40   Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of camera ['kæmərə] - Elision of [ə] (the vowel before letter r is not stressed.)

 

Test 4

1. The limit for the number of syllables in English is …8
2. The universal syllabic structure in the canonical form is …CV
3. The division of words into syllables is called …Syllabification = syllabication
4. Divide into phonetic syllables the word bottle. Bott -le
5. What symbol is used to designate a syllabic consonant?[^ə]
6. What two types of sounds cannot be split during syllabification? The English affricates [ʧ], [ʤ] and diphthongs
7. Divide in writing the word speaking. It has 2 syllables ( speak-ing ) but it can’t be divided in writing (???)
8. Divide in writing the word teacher. It has 2 syllables (teach-er) but it can’t be divided in writing
9. How is the third syllable from end designated? the antepenultimate syllable
10. How is the syllable preceding the stressed syllable designated? PRETONIC
11. What sounds are at the peak of the syllable according to the prominence theory? All the sounds with the greatest degree of sonority (vowels and sonorants)
12. How many degrees of word stress are singled out in English? primary or strong, secondary or partial, weak unstressed syllables
13. What degree of word stress do American phoneticians add to the traditionally recognized degrees in English? Tertiary
14. Indicate word stress placement in the word increase as a) a verb and b) a noun. as a verb [in'kri:s], as a noun['inkris]  
15. What syllable of four- or more-syllable words is stressed in English? the stress is placed on the antepenultimate syllable (third from the end)
16. How many types of suffixes are identified from the point of view of their influence on word stress placement? 2 types: stress-neutral and stress-fixing
17. What kind of suffixes are –ic, -ity, -ian from the point of view of their influence on word stress placement? stress-fixing suffixes
18. Give two examples of stress-fixing suffixes. -ion, -ic, -ese, -al
19. Which kind of word stress do typically compounds have? They have two equally strong stresses, OR the primary and the secondary stresses (???)
20. Give correct lexical stress in an English teacher for a) a teacher who is English b) a teacher of English

1)an ¸ English 'teacher = a teacher who is English 2) an 'English teacher = a teacher of English

Вариант -2

1 How many aspects of speech sounds are distinguished? 4 – Articulatoty, Acoustic, Auditory, Functional.

2 How many major types can speech sounds be subdivided into according to the specific character of the work of the speech organs? 2 Vowels, Consonants

3 [r], [w], [j] are termed … constrictive sonorants

4 Sounds in the production of which the soft palate is lowered, and the air escapes through the nose are called … nasal  or nasal occlusive (sonorants) [m], [n] and [ŋ]

5 A labial, labio-dental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme /f/

6 An alveolar-apical, constrictive, fricative, lateral sonant /l/

7 A glottal, constrictive, fricative, fortis consonant phoneme /h/

8 A post-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /j/

9 A forelingual, palato-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant phoneme /ʒ/

10 A lingual, backlingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant /ŋ/

11 A labial, bilabial, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /w/

12 A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme /k/

13 A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /r/

14 A forelingual, interdental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme / θ /

15 A voiceless affricate /tʃ/

16 How many consonant phonemes are there in RP? 24

17 The founder of the phoneme theory is … Baudauin de Courtenay Бодуэн де Куртенэ , Иван Александрович

18 Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called … distinctive/relevant

19 Allophones that are free from the influence of the neighbouring sounds and are most representative of the phoneme as a whole are called … typical or principal and subsidiary

20 Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighbouring speech sounds (assimilation, adaptation, accommodation) are called … positional and combinatory

Вариант -3

 

1 From the acoustic point of view vowels are called the sounds of … voice, they have high acoustic energy

2 Vowels have no … place of obstruction

3 Sounds whose phonetic content is predominantly made up by the sound waves produced by their voicing are called … Sonorants

5 A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the narrow variety /ɜː/

6 A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, back, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ɑː/

7 A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back advanced, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ɒ/

8 A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, front, high / close vowel phoneme of the narrow variety /i:/

10 A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ɒ/

11 A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ə/

12 A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, mid / half-open vowel phoneme of the narrow variety /e/

13 Change of consonant or vowel quality, loss of consonants or vowels, and even loss of entire syllables in connected speech are called … coarticulatory /adjustment phenomena

14 The process under which a diphthong optionally loses its second element before another vowel, or it is monophthongized, is called … Smoothing

15 Vowels are subdivided into … monophthongs diphthongs, diphthongoids

16 The position of the tongue in the mouth cavity is characterized from two aspects: the horizontal and vertical movement.

17 Traditionally three lip positions are distinguished: … spread, neutral and rounded

18 What articulatory feature characterizes the state of the organs of speech at the moment of producing a vowel? in the articulation of V the air passes freely through the mouth cavity

19 In what positions does the shortening of a vowel length occur? unstressed positions,

20 What changes are vowels of full value subjected to in unstressed syllables?

They are subjected to qualitative changes, e.g. man [mæn] – sportsman ['spɔ:tsmən] The quality of the vowel is reduced to the neutral sound [ə]

 

Вариант -4

1 What is the principal function of the phoneme? Constitutive

2 The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called …non-distinctive, irrelevant or redundant

3 The phonemes of a language form a system of … sounds

4 The ability to produce English with an English-like pattern of stress and rhythm involves … stress-timing (the placement of stress on selected syllables)

5 Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant are termed … assimilation, reduction, oppositions

6 A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed … ELISION/ellipsis

7 Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next one is called … linking

8 Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa are called …accommodation/adaptation

9 Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is called … Epenthesis

10 The process when two syllables, usually both weak, optionally become one is called … Compression

11 According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the neighbouring C, assimilation may be … partial, total

12 What are the most common types of assimilation in English? Progressive, regressive and reciprocal

13 What type of assimilation occurs in the contractions it’s, that’s… Progressive (perseverative) assimilation

14 What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second consonant in a cluster fuse and mutually condition the creation of a third consonant with features from both original consonants? Coalescent (RECIPROCAL) assimilation

15 Give an example of affricatization.

This assimilation occurs most frequently when final alveolar Cs [t], [d] are followed by initial palatal [j]. Then they become affricates [ʧ], [ʤ] - affricatization. Is that your dog? d + j = [ʤ]

16 Linking and intrusive resound are special cases of … juncture

17 Define the type of assimilation in ten mice [tem mais] – TOTAL (n became m)

18 “Glottalizing” may be used as an allophone of the phoneme …T

19 Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of button ['bʌtən] – ['bʌɂn] Glottalling

20 Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of camera ['kæmərə] – ['kæmrə] Elision of [ə]

РИТА

Question Answer

1 A system of interrelated intonational means which is used in a social sphere and serves a definite aim of communication is called …Intonational style

2 The choice of an intonational style is determined primarily by the purpose of communication and then by a number of other extralinguistic and social factors.

3 Informational style includes educational infor­mational descriptive narratives, press reporting and broadcasting, registers

4 Types of style, i.e. certain spheres of discourse are called registers

5 A coordinated simultaneous speech act of two participants is called dialogue

6 Besides verbal communication any kind of dialogue involves means of non-verbal communication — facial expressions, gestures, body movements and noises such as whistles, artificial clearing of the throat, snorts, sniffs, laughs and other paralinguistic features of significance.

7 Do errors in speech bother communicants in dialogues?yes (On the lexical and grammatical level there is a high propor­tion of errors which seem not to bother the speakers.)

8 What is the average length of units in the majority of dialogues? 1—5 words.

9 Is it true that a reporter or a journlist can be completely independent in his political views of his class, party, country and so on?no (The events of political importance can be presented to the public in different lights by using similar techniques, by chang­ing the voice timbre. This only proves the statement that a jour­nalist, a reporter cannot be completely independent in his politi­cal views of his class, party, country and so on.)

10 What is the central function of a newspaper? to inform, , to present a certain number of facts to a reader, listener.

11 Is the speech of radio and television announcers similar?no (is somewhat different though they use simi­lar techniques in the presentation, the ability to be seen on the screen helps a TV news reader to guide the understanding to the viewer by means of facial expressions and gestures. On the con­trary the radio announcer, being isolated in a studio, tends to exaggerate certain prosodic features to be better understood by a listener.­)

12 Highly skilled newsreaders are capable of making the sense clear by the careful control of rhythm

13 Academic style is described as both intellectual and volitional.

14 Where do we use academic style? in academic and educational lectures, scientific discussions, at the conferences, seminars and in classes.

15 How should a lecturer sound? A lecturer should sound self-assured, authoritative, in­structive and edifying, because any scientific style talk should be well prepared.

16 Who sounds louder a scientific talk presenter or an informational style reader? a scientific talk presenter

17 What tones are used in academic style? High falling and falling-rising terminal tones

18 What is the other term for oratorial style? " publicistic "

19 Artistic, acquired, stage style is Declamatory Style

20 Familiar style is also termed as … Conversational Style

№	Question		Answer
1	A language used as a means of communication by speakers who do
	not have a native language in common is called ...		Lingua franca
2	How many concentric circles can the spread of English throughout
	the world be visualized?		3, the inner circle, the outer circle, expanding circle
3	The situation when speakers can use both literary pronunciation and
	their native local accent in different situations is called ...		diglossia
4	The first language of the children of Pidgin speakers is called....		creole
5	How many major literary/cultivated accents are there on the British		5
	Isles?
6	How many million people speak English as their first language/moth-		375-400 mln
	er tongue?
7	What is the standard of pronunciation for educated speakers in Aus-		Educated Australian
	tralia?
8	Teaching English where learners addressed are often immigrants to		TESL (Teaching English as a Foreign language
	an English-speakingculture is called ...
9	A set of pronunciation forms and rules of their usage is called...		rules of speaking and pronunciation norms
10	The entity of related national variants, dialects and their associated		a natinally heterogeneous language
	accents is called ...
11	What are the two most prestigious accents of English in the world		RP/BBC English/Southern, GenAm/Network English
	which generally serve as teaching models for TEFL?
12	How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA?		3
	A unified entity of pronunciation patterns used for communicative
	interaction by members of a speech community sharing a relevant		accent
13	social or geographical attribute and maintaining a set of phonological
	characteristics, despite limited phonetic and lexical-incidentalvaria-
	tion between the speakers is called ...
14	Teaching English to learners of all types is ...		ELT
15	What is the geographical localization of the national pronunciation		Southern English
	standard in the UK?
16	Reflection/fixing of actual pronunciation forms and patterns	in	codification
	pronunciation dictionaries and other references is called ...
17	Individual speech of members of the same language community is		idiolect
	called...
18	What is a striking feature of RP/BBC English and GenAm?		variation
19	What is RP often identified with in the public mind ?		BBC English
20	What accent is RP, according to the phonotactic specification of [r]		a non-rhotic or r -less accent
	occurrence?
21	Name the process that results in RP variant pronunciations of the		a tendency for some diphthongs to become smoothed out and shorter and more like pure vowels
	words suit , superetc.
22	What sound combinations undergo affricatization?		t+j , d+j
23	What scholar first described RP as a hoped for standard?		Daniel Jones
24	Give the transcription symbol for a glottalized [t].		/?/
25	Give an example of intrusive [r].		drawing
26	Which allophone of/1/ is used in American English?		/l/
27	Which American accent prevails in New York?		New York City English

Настя, Алена, Маша

28	Which is the first vowel in GenAm either?	a
29	Is Eastern American rhotic?	yes
30	What is the most striking distinctive feature of Southern American?	the so called Southern drawl, which is a specific way of pronouncing vowels, consisting in the diphthongization of some simple vowels and monophthongization of some diphthongs at the expense of prolonging
31	What is the root vowel in leisure?	letter “u”
32	Give the symbol for GenAm [t] in intervocalic position?	[ [ t t
33	Which geographical attribute does GenAm have?	western
34	What is the name of American national pronunciation standard?	General American
35	A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typi-	tertiary stress
	cally stressed in RP is called ...
36	Give GenAm for herb .	/həːb/
37	Is glottaling found in Australian English?	yes
38	What vowel is pronounced in merry – marry – Mary in Canadian Eng-
	lish?	/ æ/
39	What do New Zealanders call themselves?	Kiwis
40	Give Australian English pronunciation for "day"	[dei]
41	What allophones of [r] and [l] do Canadians use in all positions?	[r] is most usually a flap [ł] is dark in all positions ????
42	What is a popular term for Australia?	&??????
43	What vowel is probably the most salient differentiating feature of	The central HID
	NZE?
44	Is there much geographical variation in Australia?	South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland and the Torres Strait Islands
45	How many English speakers are there in Australia?	76.8%
46	What is the root vowel in Canadian English hurry?	[ʌ]
47	Give the name of the accent the mainstream of Australian educated	Cultivated Australian
	speakers use?
48	How do New Zealanders pronounce "fish and chips"?	fush and chups | fʌʃ| |ˈtʃʌps|
49	What is one of the most salient features of Australian English vocabu-	????
	lary?
50	What is a popular term for Australian English?	Aussie

 

 

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