The Most Glamourous (эффектный)
Aspect of Police Work
The basic responsibility of the police is to fight crime, maintain order, and provide miscellaneous services to the public. Patrol remains the basic manner in which police services are delivered to the public.
Criminal investigation is the most glamorous aspect of policing. Most police officers regard detective work as "real" police work. Detective work has a specific mission: apprehending the offender. The quality of work can also be measured in terms of the number of arrests. This contrasts sharply with
patrol duty, which largely involves peace-keeping. Good detectives are believed to be able to solve most crimes, so the citizen-victim becomes angry when the police fail to solve the crime he or she suffered from.
The process of investigating a crime involves several different steps performed by at least three different units within the police department: patrol officers, detectives, criminalistics technicians. The two major stages of the investigation process are the preliminary investigation and the follow-up investigation.
The preliminary investigation is normally the responsibility of the patrol officer who is the first to arrive at the scene of the crime. The five major responsibilities include:
1) arresting any suspect or suspects,
2) providing aid to any victims,
3) securing the crime scene to prevent loss of evidence,
4) collecting all relevant physical evidence, and
5) preparing a preliminary report.
Once the responding officer has completed the preliminary investigation, the case is assigned to the detective bureau for the follow-up investigation. In all but the smallest departments,the detective unit is separate from the patrol unit. The smallest departments have no separate detective unit. Medium-sized departments have a separate detective unit but detectives handle all types of crime here. Larger departments specialize according to a type of crime (e.g., crimes against person, crimes against property).
Technical specialists in investigation are normally located in a separate administrative unit. They are available upon request to assist detectives in the follow-up investigation. Only the larger police departments are able to maintain their own criminalistics specialists.
The follow-up investigation includes the following steps:
1) interrogation of suspect or suspects, if arrested at the scene of the crime;
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2) interview of witnesses;
3) search of the crime scene for physical evidence;
4) modus operandi review to determine, if the crime is similar to others under investigation or resembles crimes committed by known suspects;
5) development of additional information from informants, contacts, official records, etc.;
6) preparation of reports.
To obtain information about suspected criminal activity, the police make use of informants. Persons who are either criminals themselves or who associate with criminals are extremely valuable sources of information. Police officers seek to develop a list of informants.
(2226 знаков)
Active vocabulary:
Miscellaneous service, glamourous, polising, offender, in terms of, to fail to solve the crime, to suffer, to perform, preliminary investigation, to provide aid to, relevant, property, interrogation, modus operandi, resemble, to obtain information, informant.
Scotland Yard
Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metrope in London. Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, which possesses its own separate police force.
One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard's crime detection and emergency service has been the "999 system". On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, which is contacted by radio. Almost instantly, a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police stations concerned, so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene and all neighbouring police stations have been notified.
Apart from the 999 Room, one of the most interesting places in Scotland Yard is the Map Room. Here is the Central Crime Map, the Deaths by Violence Map, the Accidents Map and the Vehicles Recovered Map.
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An old-established section of the Metropolitan Police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, for they are accustomed to military bands.
An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1938. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, whereas the same search would take six men an hour.
There is also the River Police or Thames Division, which has its own crime investigation officers who handle all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.
There are two other departments of Scotland Yard - the Witness Room (known as the Rogues' Gallery) where a photographic record of known or suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, which contains murder relicts, forgery exhibits and coining moulds.
The name "Scotland Yard" originates from the plot of land adjoining Whitehall Palace where, in about the 14th century, the royalty and nobility of Scotland stayed when visiting the English C ourt.
The popular nickname of the London policeman "bobby" is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel, and whose Christian name attached itself to members of the force.
(1908 знаков)
Пояснения к тексту:
1. miscellaneous services - разнообразные услуги
2. fail to solve the crime - не раскрывает преступление
3. criminalistics techniciel - эксперт-криминалист
4. preliminary - предварительный
5. to arrive at the crime scene - прибыть на место преступления
6. providing - оказание помощи
7. to secure the crime scene - щградить (обезопасить) место преступления
8. the follow-up investigation - дальнейшее расследование
9. available - имеющийся в распоряжении (в наличии)
10. interrogation - допрос
11. interview - опрос
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12. witness – свидетель
13. search - осмотр
14. modus operandi модус операнди, способ действия, “почерк” (преступника)
Active vocabulary:
Headquarters, to extend, emergency service, vehicle, to be accustomed, to occur, witness, nickname.
Questions:
1. What are the most interesting places in Scotland Yard ?
2. Why is it called Scotland Yard ?
3. What is sir Robert Peel famouse for ?
Interpol
Interpol is a private corporation, founded in 1923 as a service organization devoted to coordination action against international criminals. Its clients are 125 police agencies throughout the world. This organization is not under the control or supervision of any government.
Interpol is a recognized intergovernmental police force whose task is to hunt down and arrest the international criminal. A multinational force, much like the United Nations, Interpol is made up of police of the Free World and a bona fide law enforcement agency in its own right. Among the first to fight international terrorism and sky-jackings, Interpol still leads the war on narcotics, assists a number of nations in the continuing search for wanted Nazi war criminals. One of the most highly respected groups in the world, Interpol, like any other police force is tinder governmental control to safeguard the basic rights of every citizen. It operates according to a strict code of behaviour and adheres to the highest ethical standards.
Interpol is, in fact, a private organization. It has never been recognized or established by any international charter or treaty and has no police powers. Because of Interpol's cooperation with the UN, particularly in the area of drugs, Interpol was recognized as an inter-governmental organization.
Interpol members are, for the most part, police and not governmental representatives, although certain governments have sent observers from their military, intelligence, customs, post office, and immigration departments.
As a private corporation, Interpol does not have powers of arrest or any investigative rights. Its function is to disseminate information. Today 80 percent of the permanent staff is French. Interpol, is much like any large corporation with bureaus in various countries and with representatives from these offices also stationed at the main office. Information is exchanged between the many national bureaus, but the police forces themselves are subject to the laws and policies of their respective nations.
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Interpol is divided into four main bodies - the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat and the National Central Bureaus.
The General Assembly is composed of the delegates from each member country. It is "the Supreme Authority". The General Assembly controls the policy of the organization.
The Executive Committee is a nine-member board made-up of the president, two vice-presidents, and six delegates chosen by the General Assembly.
The General Secretariat, the permanent body, located at Saint Cloud outside Paris, is Interpol's business division. It contains the "permanent departments" four of which specialize in certain crimes: one handles murder, burglary, assault, larceny, car theft, and missing persons; another deals with bank frauds and other types of embezzlement; a third with drug traffic and morals offenses; and a fourth deals with forgery and counterfeiting.
Other divisions are the general records department, where files are kept, and a special records department, where fingerprints and other methods of identification are used.
The National Central Bureaus are the Interpol offices in vanrious countries. Each NCB is empowered to communicate directly with and exchange information with any other NCB.
(2650 знаков)
Active vocabulary:
Throughout the world, under the control, to hunt down, a bona fide law enforcement agency, sky-jackings, to assist, continuing search for wanted, to safeguard, strict code of behaviour, to adhere, to recognize, charter, drugs, observer, to disseminate, permanent staff, respective, burglary, assult, larceny, car theft, missing person, to deal with, embezzlement, drug traffic, morals offenses, forgery, counterfeiting.
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