Read the following text quickly and choose the best title A, B or C.
| A The history of cabling and telecommunications | ||
| B A short introduction to optical fibres | ||
| C Uses of glass in industry and technology | ||
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Optical fibres started to replace some uses of copper cables in the 1970s. They are made from glass and are usually about 120 micrometres in diameter. Some of the most common everyday uses are in telecommunications, close-curcuit television (CCTV), and cable television. 1. ___________________________________________ Optical fibres carry signals more efficiently than copper cable and with a much higher bandwidth. This means that fibres can carry more channels of information over longer distances. 2. ___________________________________________ Optical fibre cables are much lighter and thinner han copper cables with the same bandwidth. This means less space is needed in underground cabling ducts. 3. ____________________________________________ It is difficult to steal information from optical fibres. They are not harmed by electromagnetic interference, for example from radio signals or lighting. They don’t ignite so they can be used safely in flammable atmospheres, for example in petrochemical plants. 4. ____________________________________________ Optical fibres are more expensive per metre than copper. However, one optical fibre can carry many more signals than a single copper cable and the longer transmission distances mean that fewer expensive repeaters are required. Also, copper cable uses more electrical power to deliver the signals. 5. ____________________________________________ Optical fibres can’t be spliced as easily as copper cable. Employees need special training to handle the expensive splicing and measurement equipment.
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* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.2)
Read the text again and match the headings (A–E) below with the paragraphs (1-5).
| A | Training and skills | |
| B | Size and weight | |
| C | Security | |
| D | Price | |
| E | Capacity |
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.3)
4. Which paragraphs describe advantages of optical fibres and which describe disadvantages?
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.4)
5. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions:
- … начали вытеснять…
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- … некоторые способы использования…
- … сделано из…
- … примерно…
- … повседневное использование…
- … проводят сигналы…
- … легче и тоньше чем…
- … требуется меньше пространства…
- … электромагнитные помехи…
- … могут быть безопасно использованы…
- … один единственный…
- … дорогостоящие ретрансляторы (передатчики)…
- … также легко как…
- … специальное обучение…
- … измерительное оборудование…
Complete the definitions (1-9) below with the highlighted words in the text.
| 1. | A ……………… is one million of a metre. | |
| 2. | The ……………… is the distance across a circle. | |
| 3. | A ……………… substance is one that burns easily. | |
| 4. | “………………” means joining the ends of two cables together. | |
| 5. | To “……………” means to start to burn. | |
| 6. | ……………… are tubes for carrying cables. | |
| 7. | “………………” is a common short way of saying ‘for each’. | |
| 8. | To “………………” means to touch with your hands. | |
| 9. | “…………………” means in a way that produces a good result and doesn’t waste time, energy, or resourses. |
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.5)
Guess the words from their definitions and find them in the text.
| 1. | Material that is used to carry light and coded messages. | |
| 2. | A clear hard material used for manufacturing windows, bottles, etc. | |
| 3. | A line across a circle. | |
| 4. | A way along which news, information is sent. | |
| 5. | The amount of space between 2 places or things. | |
| 6. | The place where Metro is situated. | |
| 7. | Facts or details about something or somebody. | |
| 8. | A piece of equipment used for listening to different programs. | |
| 9. | An adjective used to characterize anything that ignites easily. | |
| 10. | It means “to cost much money”. | |
| 11. | People who work at a plant, for a company, etc. | |
| 12. | Special things that you need to do something. |
Guess the following words from the text as it is shown in the example:
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illsk = skill
| bleca | dlehan |
| ppcoer | teigni |
| calopti | widthband |
| remetdia | blemmafla |
| ryrca | licingsp |
Study the following words and make as many word phrases as you can.
| Optical, special, copper, micrometer, expensive, cable, deliver, measurement, high, long, electromagnetic, radio, flammable, petrochemical, per …, electrical, fibre, training, in diameter, splicing, TV, signal, equipment, bandwidth, distance, interference, a signal, atmosphere, plant, metre, power |
10. Match the following words with the words from ex.9:
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