MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Part I
1. Do you know the following materials? Match the materials to their definitions below:
| glass plastic metal |
| 1 | a type of solid substance that is usually hard and shiny, that conducts heat and electricity. | |
| 2 | hard, transparent substance (material), produced by mixing sand with soda by glass-blowing process; usually used in windows. | |
| 3 | a light strong material that is made with chemicals and is used for making many different kinds of objects. |
What can be made of these materials?
Which material is the best for dishes?
Which is the best material for the following objects and why?
a folk, a football, a window, a bicycle, a plate
(“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 5, pg.6, ex.1)
3. Read the information in the table below and put each heading into the correct column (A, B, or C). What is the order of materials in column “A”?
| Uses Properties Material |
| A _________ | B __________ | C __________ | |
| 1 | aluminium | light, easy to shape | aircraft, window and door frames, cooking foil |
| 2 | brass (copper and zinc) | doesn’t rust in contact with air and water, strong | valves, taps |
| 3 | cement | mixed with water it dries to a hard material | pre-made building blocks, to hold bricks together |
| 4 | copper | easily made into wire, carries electricity well | electrical wire, tubing |
| 5 | diamond | hardest natural materials, can cut glass and metal | industrial cutting and grinding |
| 6 | glass | clear, hard, breaks easily | windows, bottles |
| 7 | iron | hard | engineering |
| 8 | mild steel (iron +0.15-0.3% carbon | hard, strong, quite easy to shape | bridges, ships, cars |
| 9 | optical fibre | carries light and coded messages | lighting, cable TV, telecommunications |
| 10 | plastic | light, strong, easy to shape | hard hats, computer casing |
(“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 5, pg.6, ex.2)
4. Read the information in the table from ex.3 again and find out which material (1-10) is best for:
| a) | water pipes | |
| b) | a knife for cutting a microscope lens | |
| c) | connecting a socket to the electricity supply | |
| d) | a bicycle frame | |
| e) | television casing |
(“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 5, pg.6, ex.3)
Study the table in exercise 3 again and complete the following table.
| verbs | adjectives |
Match the properties from the table (1-6) with their opposites below. Use your glossary or dictionary to help you.
| heavy tough opaque rigid weak soft |
| 1 | breaks easily | |
| 2 | clear | |
| 3 | easy to shape | |
| 4 | hard | |
| 5 | light | |
| 6 | strong |
(“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 5, pg.6, ex.4)
Find as many materials in the following line as you can (11 words).
| glassircementoptironsebrasssteelydimanplasticrzidiamondcopperonfibrealuminiumzincopl |
Answer the following questions.
Which material… (or which materials…):
- is the strongest
- is/are easy to shape
- conducts electricity well
- is/are found in people and fruits?
- breaks easily
- can be mixed with water?
- is/are very light?
- doesn’t rust?
- can carry coded messages?
- is/are used in jewelry?
- is/are used in beer (or juice) production?
- is/are used a lot on a building site?
- is/are used in city advertising process
- is/are used in manufacturing of cars, buses, airplanes, etc?
- is/are widely used in cooking process?
- is/are used in industry to cut hard materials?
Look at the following materials and complete the table.
| A Material | B Properties | C Uses | |
| 1 | wood | ||
| 2 | rubber | ||
| 3 | china |
What is the best material for the following things and why?
a cup, a car tyre , a frying pan, engineering tools, a mobile.
Fill in the gaps in the following sentences (1 – 12) with suitable words from the module.
| 1. | __________ is a light silver-coloured metal that is easy to shape and that is used in window and door frames, and to make cooking foil. |
| 2. | “__________” means difficult to shape (= opposite to “easy to shape”). |
| 3. | __________ is used in cable TV and communications because it can _________ light and coded messages. |
| 4. | In a building process __________ is used to hold bricks together. |
| 5. | Windows are made of __________ because this material is __________ (or transparent). |
| 6. | Dishes that are made of __________ are beautiful but not practical because this material __________ easily. |
| 7. | “__________” means not easily broken. The opposite to this word is “__________”. |
| 8. | Industrial cutting and grinding often use __________ because it is the hardest natural material. |
| 9. | Water pipes (or tubes) are usually made of __________ because this metal doesn’t __________ in contact with water. |
| 10. | __________ is used to make electrical wires because it is __________ to shape this material and it __________ electricity well. |
| 11. | __________ is widely used today practically everywhere: to make dishes, to make computer (TV, radio, mobile telephone, etc.) casing, tubes because it is __________ , _________ , easy to shape. |
| 12 | “__________” means “easy to lift”, “not heavy”. |
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