Identify the idioms and find the Russian equivalents
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Match the idiom with the meaning
| -His bark is worse than his bite. -I will put up with him. -No wonder. -It costs an arm and a leg. -He's a bad egg. -I have a bone to pick with him. -I slept in. -I'm all ears. -Mind your own business. -I ran out of money. -Been there. Done that. -That is where I draw the line. | He's the bad person of the group. I will tolerate him. I am listening. I spent all of my money I woke up too late. It is expensive. I can easily understand why. I will not tolerate any more. Do not ask about another person's work. I already know about that. He speaks strongly but he won't do anything I will confront him about something. |
Match the idiom with the Russian equivalent
A storm in a tea-cup Здравствуйте, я ваша тетя
Madam, I am Adam Крепкий орешек
Business before pleasure Никогда не падай духом
Land of milk and honey В тесноте, да не в обиде
A hard nut to crack Буря в стакане воды
Every cloud has a silver lining Не буди лихо, пока спит тихо
Let sleeping dog lie Делу время– потехе час
Never say die Молочные реки, кисельные берега
The more, the merrier Нет худа без добра
Translate into Russian
What is your favourite way of killing time?
She leads her husband by the nose.
He likes to throw dust in one’s eyes.
It’s hard to deal with her because of the wind in her head.
We see eye to eye, it’s hard to make us quarrel.
After all you have to stew in your own juice.
“We must throw salt on his tail at last”, the policeman said.
Choose an idiom to replace the expression in the brackets:
1. "Please stop that (mischief) and do some serious work."
(a) dog and pony show (b) monkey business (c) piggyback (d) road hog
2. The little boy asked many questions until his mother finally said that (asking too many questions will get him into trouble).
(a) the cat had got his tongue (b) you can't teach an old dog new tricks (c) curiosity killed the cat (d) there is more than one way to skin a cat
3. "Please (be patient and wait) while I make a phone call."
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(a) call the dogs off (b) have a whale of a time (c) flog a dead horse (d) hold your horses
4. The new product is (a good source of money) for our company.
(a) a cash cow (b) as strong as an ox (c) a horse of a different color (d) a dark horse
5. The little boys thought that their friend was (easily frightened) because he would not play with the dog.
(a) as awkward as a cow on roller skates (b) a kangaroo court (c) as quiet as a mouse (d) a scaredy-cat
6. Our supervisor has a reputation for (watching and controlling) the workers.
(a) living high off the hog on (b) riding herd on (c) horsing around with (d) going ape with
7. When the police arrived the two men looked frightened and suddenly (ran away).
(a) hit the bull`s eye (b) let the cat out of the bag (c) turned tail (d) cried wolf
8. I heard about the plans for the new magazine article (directly from the person responsible).
(a) off his high horse (b) straight from the horse`s mouth (c) in two shakes of a lamb's tail (d) in a pig`s eye
9. The car engine stopping while driving on the freeway was the (thing that finally made me decide to do something) so I finally sold the car.
(a) straw that broke the camel`s back (b) black sheep of the family (c) cat on a hot tin roof (d) wolf in sheep`s clothing
10. The businessman really (misjudged his chance of success) when he found an unreliable partner for his business.
(a) led a dog`s life (b) bet on the wrong horse (c) cast pearl`s before swine (d) made a mountain out of a molehole
11. He is the (most important person) in his company.
(a) holy cow (b) dog in the manger (c) alley cat (d) top dog
12. I had not seen my cousin for a long time so when we finally met we talked (for a long time).
(a) in the dog house (b) as busy as a beaver (c) until the cows came home (d) like lambs to the slaughter
13. "You should (not worry about the problems from before). It is too late to do anything about them."
(a) lock the barn door after the horse is gone (b) let sleeping dogs lie (c) buy a pig in a poke (d) bark up the wrong tree
14. "Do not be afraid of your new neighbor. Her (words are worse than her actions)."
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(a) tail is wagging the dog (b) tail is between her legs (c) looks are like something the cat dragged in (d) bark is worse than her bite
15. My grandfather moved to the country to get away from the (busyness and confusion) in the city.
(a) white elephant (b) horse trading (c) rat race (d) horse sense
16. The young boy (pretended to be asleep) when his friend came into the room.
(a) went to the dogs (b) put on the dog (c) served as a guinea pig (d) played possum
17. The man who owns the store is (very dishonest).
(a) as crooked as a dog's hind leg (b) as clean as a hound's tooth (c) as stubborn as a mule (d) bright-eyed and bushy-tailed
18. We had (an exciting and interesting time) at the conference.
(a) a cock-and-bull story (b) a whale of a time (c) the best-laid plans of mice and men (d) a bull in a china shop
19. My supervisor is always angry so I do not like to (get into an argument with) her.
(a) lock horns with (b) monkey around with (c) go hog-wild with (d) make a monkey out of
20. We were (supporting someone who could not win) but still we continued to support our candidate in the election.
(a) killing the fatted calf (b) making a silk purse out of a sow's ear (c) backing the wrong horse (d) separating the sheep from the goats
Identify the idioms and find the Russian equivalents
I decided to buy my wife a car for her birthday. The trouble was that she wanted a white car even though I had pointed out till I was blue in the face that white was a difficult colour to keep clean. I decided to show the white flag and we looked for a white car but none seemed to be worth buying. Because I'm a bit green I'm the perfect customer as far as the used car salesman is concerned. They rolled out the red carpet at the first place we visited and showed us the most expensive models which made me green with envy. When I said I wanted something cheaper the salesman started to give me black looks and the language he used when I suggested the price I was willing to pay would be red-pencilled in any script.
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I was getting browned off. It seems that only once in a blue moon a person comes across a real bargain. Are dealers really dishonest or are they just telling white lies? At one garage I caught a salesman red handed gluing back a chip of paint. I put a black mark against his name. But what made me really see red was when I was told that I would only get an old wreck for what I was willing to pay. I decided that I might have a yellow streak but I didn't have to give the green light until I was satisfied.
One weekend I was feeling in the pink and visited a large car centre. The arrogant expression on the face of the salesman was like a red flag to me so I told him that I had heard that his centre had been black listed by motoring organizations and there was no point in him trying to whitewash the stories I had heard. The problem was he was a customer and not a salesman and in my hurry to get away I tripped and fell. When I got home I was black and blue all over.
By the sixth weekend I was feeling rather blue. I'd even considered trying to get a car through the black market. But every cloud has a silver lining. That Sunday was a red letter day. We were driving in the country and out of the blue we saw cars for sale in a farmyard. It seemed like a golden opportunity. The farmer quickly dispensed with all thered tape and very soon I had it in black and white that the car belonged to me. And it was white!
Translate into Russian
Two Very Different Brothers
At school, Randy was shy and as quiet as a mouse. He was also very clever. He had a twin brother, Jason. Jason loved football and had to work like a dog to make good grades. In school, Randy was the bookworm. He loved to read. But without his glasses he could not see. He was as blind as a bat. Jason ate like a horse and was two hundred pounds at age seventeen. Both of them were early birds and got out of bed at four every morning. Randy read and studied. Jason went training. Today, because they were pigheaded and did not give up, Jason is quarterback for the Glendale Geeks, and Randy is the owner of the team.
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МЕТАФОРЫ
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1: Сопоставьте следующие примеры переводов метафоры с английского языка на русский, определяя переводческие приемы и комментируя степень их эффективности.
1. The cat sat bolt upright on the seat opposite ours, staring out the window, pretending not to eavesdrop on our conversation.
Кот сидел неподвижно, как часовой, уставившись в окно, и притворялся, что не подслушивает нашу беседу.
2. Gradually there appeared out of the mists shapes more visible perhaps to the imagination than the sight: magic castles rising from the foam — the ruined but majestic walls of ancient temples.
Постепенно из тумана проступали очертания не столько видимых, сколько воображаемых форм: волшебные замки, рожденные, словно Афродита из пены, — величественные руины древних храмов.
3. It would require more than unsuitably clad, garrulous crowds to rob the Valley of the Kings of its grandeur.
Нужно нечто более серьезное, чем толпы крикливо одетых, болтливых туристов, чтобы лишить величественную Долину Царей ее великолепия.
4. The clouds on Emerson's noble brow cleared.
Чело Эмерсона, напоминавшее ненастный день, прояснилось.
5. You are the bravest little woman I know, Amelia, and that stiff upper lip of yours is a credit to the whole British nation.
Ты самая отважная из всех женщин, с которыми я знаком, Амелия, а твоя упрямая верхняя губка — просто воплощение британского национального характера.
6. Years had passed since I last beheld the plain of Amarna, yet in eternal Egypt a decade is no more than the blink of an eye.
Много лет прошло с тех пор, как я в последний раз побывал на плоскогорьях Амарны, хотя для вечного Египта десятилетие значит не больше, чем мгновение ока.
7. Any artefact made of or covered with gold could start the gossip mills grinding and lead to the usual exaggeration.
Любая вещь, сделанная из золота или хотя бы позолоченная, запускалась в мельницу пересудов и кривотолков и выходила оттуда в преувеличенном виде.
Упражнение 2: Выделенные в следующих предложениях метафорические единицы проанализируйте, выберите соответствующие переводческие приемы и переведите на русский язык.
1. I passed a crocodile of choir boys, in starched collars and peculiar caps, on their way to Tom Gate.
2. All undergraduates and graduates and wives and tradespeople walked that unmistakable English church-going pace which eschewed equally both haste and idle sauntering.
3. Criss-cross about the world he travelled with them, waxing in wickedness like a Hogarthian page boy.
4. She was entrancing, with that fragile beauty which in extreme youth sings out for love and withers at the first cold wind.
5. I went there full of curiosity and the faint, unrecognised apprehension that here, at last, I should find that low door in the wall, which opened on an enclosed and enchanted garden, which was somewhere, not overlooked by any window, in the heart of that grey city.
6. Long hours of work in her youth, authority in middle life, repose and security in her age, had set their stamp on her lined and serene face.
7. Here was planted the seed of what would become his life's harvest.
8. A nightmare distorted the images of the evening into horrific shapes.
9. Everything was black and dead-still in the quadrangle; only at the quarter-hours the bells awoke and sang over the gables.
10. He could tell her nothing new of the wonders of his presentation and knighthood; and his civilities were worn out like his information.
Упражнение 3: Следующий текст представляет собой образец ораторского искусства американских индейцев и построен на развернутой метафоре. Определите совокупность приемов для представления метафорических единиц в их соотношении на русском языке и переведите текст.
The Great Spirit is in all things; he is in the air we breathe. The Great Spirit is our Father, but the earth is our Mother. She nourishes us; that which we put into the ground she returns to us.
The life of an Indian is like the wings of the air. That is why you notice the hawk knows how to get his prey. The Indian is like that. The hawk swoops down on his prey; so does the Indian. In his lament he is like an animal. For instance, the coyote is sly; so is the Indian. The eagle is the same. That is why the Indian is always feathered up; he is a relative to the wings of the air.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. The sky is round. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where the Power moves.
Упражнение 4: Переведите текст на английский язык, обращая внимание на возможность традиционных замен для метафорических единиц.
ВАВИЛОНСКОЕ СТОЛПОТВОРЕНИЕ
Сначала населяющие землю люди говорили на одном языке. Они занимали плодородную равнину в бассейне рек Тигра и Евфрата, и земля кормила их так, что им жилось все лучше и лучше. В ослеплении своем они возводили башню своей гордости все выше и выше, и вскоре ее вершина достигала до самого неба. Человеческая гордыня вызвала гнев Божий, и Бог смешал языки, чтобы посеять раздор и смятение среди людей. Люди не смогли договориться между собой и рассеялись по всему свету. Так человеческая гордыня разрушила единение людей, и вместо того, чтобы строить из камней башню, каждый спрятал свой камень за пазухой. Город, на который обрушилась кара Божья и где произошло смешение языков, назвали Вавилон.
Упражнение 5: В следующих предложениях проанализируйте способ выражения выделенных метафорических единиц, определите приемы их перевода и переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Я по ночам писал у себя в мансарде роман. Он зародился однажды ночью, когда я проснулся после грустного сна.
2. Жалкий страх смерти унизил меня до того, что я простонал, оглянулся тревожно, ища защиты от смерти.
3. Неврастения уже завелась во мне, будет развиваться и сгложет меня.
4. Я понял, что это не дом, а многоярусный корабль, который летит под неподвижным серым небом.
5. За окнами ныл осенний ветер, по стеклам полз дождь.
6. Об этом, как мне показалось, кричала каждая строчка романа.
7. В голове у меня была каша, в которую к тому же впутывался и зря украденный револьвер.
8. И тут порхнул и смешок и аплодисмент и послышались поцелуи.
9. Жизнь взяла меня за шиворот и опять привела в пароходство, как блудного сына.
10. Грудь моя волновалась, я был пьян дневной грозою и какими-то предчувствиями.
11. Окно уже было раскрыто, и город давал знать о себе гудками.
Упражнение 6: Выделенные в следующих предложениях метафорические единицы нуждаются в структурно-семантическом преобразовании при переводе на русский язык. Подберите для них соответствия, поясните условия выбора и переведите предложения.
1. Some literary works rise above neat distinctions of genre to carve out new riverbeds,
2. I insist on the freedom, on my own right to browse at will among the basic texts that are the inheritance of centuries — be they those of St. Augustine, Pascal, or Blake.
3. Blake grieved over the fate of the human soul, a divine spark fallen into matter and hungering for an otherworldly home in the Kingdom of Light.
4. To himself, born in the Year of the Judgement, Blake assigned a providential mission, that of a knight, who, armed with pen, graving tool, and brush, would deal the dragon of the lie a mortal wound.
5. If a ever a phantom-city had its own history, a city of street lamps in the fog, of sobs in the dark, of slinking prostitutes, of drunkards, of people reeling from hunger — then the London of Blake's poetry has pride of place, ahead of Dickens's London, ahead of Balzac's Paris, of Gogol's and Dostoevsky 's St. Petersburg.
6. By Blake, Eternity, measurable in clock seconds, trails endlessly into oblivion and reaches indefinitely into the future.
7. To be free is to refute the false eternity (аи endless succession of moments lapsing into nothingness) and false infinity (illusory space, indefinite duration), and to know true eternity and true infinity as the eternal Now.
8. The Sky is an immortal Tent built by God', and every space that a Man views around his dwelling-place is his Universe on the verge of which the Sun rises and sets.
Упражнение 7: В следующем тексте подберите соответствия выделенным метафорам и переведите текст, учитывая, что все метафоры, включая заголовок, связаны между собой единым авторским стилем.
Work Suspended
With the first false alarm of the air-raid sirens in 1939 started the second World War, and an epoch, my epoch, came to an end. Beavers bred in captivity, inhabiting a concrete pool, will, if given the timber, fatuously go through all the motions of damming and ancestral stream. So I and my friends busied ourselves with our privacies and intimacies. The new life came. Neither book — the last of my old life, the first of my new — was ever finished. My friends were dispersed. Lucy moved back to her aunt's. Roger rose from department to department in the office of Political Warfare. Basil sought and found a series of irregular adventures.
I met Atwater several times in the course of the war — the Good-scout of the officer's club, the Underdog in the transitcamp, the Dreamer lecturing troops about post-war conditions. He was reunited, it seemed, with all his legendary lost friends, he prospered and the Good-scout predominated. Today, I believe, he holds sway over a large area of Germany. No one of my close acquaintances was killed, but all our lives, as we constructed them, quietly came to an end. Our story, like my novel, remained unfinished — a heap of neglected foolscap at the back of a drawer.
Упражнение 8: В следующем тексте проанализируйте выделенные метафорические обороты, сопоставляя условия сочетаемости слов и культурных традиций в английском и русском языках. Переведите текст на английский язык, преобразуя, если это необходимо, метафорические единицы, по возможности сохраняя их метафорическую окраску.
Мы уже успели подзабыть те времена, когда рушащаяся на глазах махина СССР легко могла задавить новую Россию. Фантастический внешний долг Союза, убыточная стабильность советской промышленности, дотационный шприц для большинства отраслей народного хозяйства, галопирующая инфляция... Семь лет реформ — много это или мало? Смотря чем мерять. Знаменитые некогда табачные бунты, колбасно-водочные очереди, доходящие до смертоубийства, знакомые блатные продавцы и партийные работники сейчас могут привидеться лишь в кошмарном сне. Советский Союз, заповедник тотального дефицита еды, воды, одежды, обуви и туалетной бумаги, вызывает сейчас слезы умиления только у людей, которые либо сами контролировали этот дефицит в свою пользу, либо искренне верили в его полезность — нечто вроде пропуска в светлое коммунистическое будущее. А реформы шли и шли: шаг вперед, полшага назад. А то и все два. Шараханья президента от одних соратников к другим и обратно привели к тому, что из старой гвардии в высших эшелонах остался один народный аллерген — Анатолий Чубайс, превратившийся из энтузиаста приватизации в матерого аппаратчика и так же похожий на себя пятилетней давности, как "Запорожец" на "Мерседес". Сегодня политический Олимп населяют гораздо более сытые небожители, призывающие к неторопливости. Доживем ли мы до первых зрелых плодов этого неспешного реформирования?
Упражнение 9: Проанализируйте следующие финансово-юридические термины, приведенные с описанием, определив их образную основу, и подберите им русские соответствия, сохраняя метафоричность.
1. Grandfather Clause — Положение какого-либо юридического документа, разрешающее странам, присоединяющимся к этому документу, сохранять в силе те свои внутренние законы, которые не соответствуют положениям данного документа, но имеют важное национально-историческое значение для данной страны.
2. Infant Industry Argument — Временная финансово-налоговая защита какой-либо новой отрасли промышленности или нового предприятия в конкретной стране посредством установления тарифных и иных барьеров для импорта с целью помочь этой отрасли или предприятию встать на ноги и добиться конкурентоспособности на мировом рынке.
3. Turnkey Contract — Договор, по которому подрядчик принимает на себя обязательства перед заказчиком по строительству производственных объектов и обеспечению их эффективной работы перед сдачей заказчику. Обязательства подрядчика заканчиваются со сдачей им заказчику законченного объекта.
4. Grey Area Measures — Неформальные соглашения, ограничивающие торговлю между странами и направленные на сокращение "честного" импорта, например установление произвольных ограничений на экспорт, заключение договоренностей об упорядочивании сбыта и т. п.
Упражнение 10: Следующие примеры рекламных текстов построены на метафорических оборотах. Подберите соответствия английским метафорам на русском языке и переведите тексты, по возможности сохраняя единство рекламного текста.
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